Lorin Maazel (Lorin Maazel) |

Lorin Maazel

Tun lokacin yaro, ya zauna a Pittsburgh (Amurka). Ayyukan fasaha na Lorin Maazel hakika abin mamaki ne. Shekaru talatin ya riga ya shahara a duniya tare da repertore mara iyaka, a shekaru talatin da biyar shi ne shugaban ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun makaɗa da wasan kwaikwayo na Turai, ɗan takara wanda ba dole ba ne a cikin manyan bukukuwa wanda ya zagaya ko'ina cikin duniya! Ba shi yiwuwa a ambaci wani misali na irin wannan tashin farko - bayan haka, ba za a iya musantawa cewa jagoran, a matsayin mai mulkin, an riga an kafa shi a lokacin da ya tsufa. Ina sirrin irin wannan gagarumar nasara ta wannan mawaki? Don amsa wannan tambayar, mun fara komawa ga tarihin rayuwarsa.

An haifi Maazel a Faransa; Jinin Yaren mutanen Holland yana gudana a cikin jijiyoyinsa, har ma, kamar yadda jagoran da kansa ya yi iƙirari, jinin Indiya ... Wataƙila ba zai zama gaskiya ba a faɗi cewa kiɗan yana gudana a cikin jijiyoyinsa - a kowane hali, tun yana ƙuruciya ikonsa na ban mamaki.

Lokacin da dangi suka ƙaura zuwa New York, Maazel, yana ɗan shekara tara, an gudanar da shi - da ƙwarewa sosai - sanannen ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Philharmonic ta New York yayin Baje kolin Duniya! Amma bai yi tunanin ya zama hamshakin yaro mai ilimi ba. Nazarin violin mai zurfi ba da daɗewa ba ya ba shi damar ba da kide kide da wake-wake, har ma yana da shekaru goma sha biyar, ya sami nasa quartet. Kiɗan ɗakin ɗakin yana samar da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, yana faɗaɗa hangen nesa; amma Maazel ba shi da sha'awar aikin virtuoso ko dai. Ya zama dan wasan violin tare da Orchestra na Symphony na Pittsburgh kuma, a cikin 1949, jagoranta.

Don haka, tun yana da shekaru ashirin, Maazel ya riga ya sami gogewa na wasan kade-kade, da ilimin wallafe-wallafe, da abubuwan da suka haɗa da kiɗan nasa. Amma kada mu manta cewa a hanya ya sami nasarar kammala karatunsa daga sassan ilimin lissafi da falsafa na jami'a! Watakila wannan ya shafi m image na madugu: ya m, m halin da ake ciki an hade tare da falsafar hikimar fassara da lissafi jituwa na Concepts.

A cikin XNUMXs, aikin fasaha na Maazel ya fara, ba tare da katsewa ba kuma yana ƙaruwa koyaushe cikin ƙarfi. Da farko, ya zagaya ko'ina cikin Amurka, sa'an nan ya fara zuwa Turai da yawa sau da yawa, don halartar manyan bukukuwa - Salzburg, Bayreuth da sauransu. Ba da da ewa, mamaki a farkon ci gaban na mawaƙa ta iyawa ya zama fitarwa: kullum gayyace shi don gudanar da mafi kyau makada da kuma sinimomi a Turai - Vienna Symphonies, La Scala, inda na farko wasanni a karkashin jagorancin da aka gudanar da gaske nasara.

A 1963 Maazel ya zo Moscow. An gudanar da taron kade-kade na farko na wani matashin madugu wanda ba a san shi ba a wani dakin da babu kowa. An sayar da tikitin kide-kide hudu na gaba nan take. Fasaha mai jan hankali mai jagora, da ƙarancin ikonsa na canzawa lokacin yin kiɗan salo da zamani daban-daban, wanda aka bayyana a cikin irin ƙwararrun ƙwararru kamar Schubert's Unfinished Symphony, Mahler's Second Symphony, Scriabin's Poem of Ecstasy, Prokofiev's Romeo da Juliet, sun burge masu sauraro. K. Kondrashin ya rubuta cewa: "Batun ba shine kyawawan motsin jagoran ba, amma gaskiyar cewa mai sauraro, godiya ga "lantarki" na Maazel, kallon shi, kuma an haɗa shi a cikin tsarin ƙirƙira, yana shiga cikin duniya sosai. na hotunan kidan da ake yi.” Masu sukar Moscow sun lura da "cikakkiyar haɗin kai na mai gudanarwa tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa", "zurfin fahimtar mawallafin manufar marubucin", "jikewar ayyukansa tare da iko da wadatar jin daɗi, wasan kwaikwayo na tunani". Jarida Sovetskaya Kultura ta rubuta: "Ba tare da jurewa ba yana shafar kamannin madugu gaba ɗaya, yana yin sihiri da ruhinsa na kaɗe-kaɗe da fara'a na fasaha," in ji jaridar Sovetskaya Kultura. "Yana da wuya a sami wani abu mai ma'ana fiye da hannun Lorin Maazel: wannan ingantaccen tsarin zane ne na sauti ko kuma kawai don sautin kiɗa". Ziyarar da Maazel ya yi a cikin USSR na gaba ya ƙara ƙarfafa amincewarsa a ƙasarmu.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan zuwansa a cikin USSR, Maazel ya jagoranci manyan kungiyoyin kiɗa a karon farko a rayuwarsa - ya zama darektan zane-zane na Opera na West Berlin City da kuma West Berlin Rediyo Symphony Orchestra. Duk da haka, aiki mai tsanani ba ya hana shi ci gaba da yawon shakatawa da yawa, shiga cikin bukukuwa da yawa, da kuma rikodin rikodin. Saboda haka, kawai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya rubuta a kan records duk symphonies na Tchaikovsky tare da Vienna Symphony Orchestra, da yawa ayyukan da JS Bach (Mass a B qananan, Brandenburg concertos, suites), symphonies na Beethoven, Brahms, Mendelssohn, Schubert, Sibelius. , Rimsky-Korsakov's Spanish Capriccio, Respighi's Pines na Roma, mafi yawan R. Strauss 'semphonic poems, ayyukan Mussorgsky, Ravel, Debussy, Stravinsky, Britten, Prokofiev… Ba za ku iya lissafa su duka ba. Ba tare da nasara ba, Maazel kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin darekta a gidan wasan opera - a Roma ya shirya wasan opera na Tchaikovsky Eugene Onegin, wanda shi ma ya gudanar.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969