Pianism |

daga Italiya. piano, abbr. daga pianoforte ko fortepiano - piano

Pianism shine fasahar wasan piano. Asalin pianism ya koma rabi na biyu na karni na 2, lokacin da makarantu biyu na pianism suka fara farawa, wanda ya mamaye farkon karni na 18 - makarantar Viennese (WA Mozart da dalibinsa I. Hummel. L. Beethoven, kuma daga baya K. Czerny da ɗalibansu, ciki har da 19. Thalberg) da London (M. Clementi da ɗalibansa, ciki har da J. Field).

Ranar farin ciki na pianism yana da alaƙa da ayyukan ayyukan F. Chopin da F. Liszt. A cikin pianism, bene na 2. 19- roqo. Wakilan karni na 20 na makarantun Liszt (X. Bulow, K. Tausig, A. Reisenauer, E. d'Albert, da sauransu) da T. Leshetitsky (I. Paderevsky, AN Esipova, da sauransu), da kuma F. Busoni , L. Godovsky, I. Hoffman, daga baya A. Cortot, A. Schnabel, V. Gieseking, BS Horowitz, A. Benedetti Michelangeli, G. Gould da sauransu.

Ya fito a farkon ƙarni na 19th-20th. abin da ake kira. Makarantar ilimin halittar jiki da ilimin lissafi na pianism yana da ɗan tasiri a kan ci gaban ka'idar pianism (ayyukan L. Deppe, R. Breithaupt, F. Steinhausen, da sauransu), amma yana da ɗan mahimmanci a aikace.

Wani gagarumin rawa a cikin pianism na post-List zamani na Rasha pianists (AG da NG Rubinstein, Esipova, SV Rakhmaninov) da biyu Soviet makarantu - Moscow (KN Igumnov, AB Goldenweiser, GG Neuhaus da dalibansu LN Oborin, GR Ginzburg). , Ya. V. Flier, Ya. I. Zak, ST Richter, EG Gilels da sauransu) da Leningrad (LV Nikolaev da dalibansa MV Yudina, VV Sofronitsky da sauransu). Ci gaba da haɓakawa a kan sabon salo na haƙiƙanin hadisai na manyan wakilan pianism na Rasha, Kon. 19- roqo. A cikin karni na 20, mafi kyawun pianists na Soviet sun haɗu a cikin wasan su na gaskiya da ma'ana na watsa niyya na marubucin tare da fasaha mai zurfi. Nasarorin da Soviet pianism suka samu sun kawo karramawar duniya ga makarantar pianistic na Rasha. Yawancin 'yan wasan pian na Soviet sun sami kyaututtuka (ciki har da kyaututtuka na farko) a gasa ta duniya. A cikin ɗakunan ajiyar gida tun daga 1930s. akwai darussa na musamman akan tarihi, ka'idar da hanyoyin pianism.

References: Genika R., Tarihin piano dangane da tarihin kyawawan dabi'un piano da wallafe-wallafe, sashi na 1, M., 1896; nasa, Daga tarihin pianoforte, St. Petersburg, 1905; Kogan G., fasahar pianistic na Soviet da al'adun fasaha na Rasha, M., 1948; Masters na Soviet pianistic School. Makala, ed. A. Nikolaev, M., 1954; Alekseev A., 'yan wasan pian na Rasha, M.-L., 1948; nasa, Tarihin fasahar piano, sassa 1-2, M., 1962-67; Rabinovich D., Hotunan ƴan pian, M., 1962, 1970.

GM Kogan