Modulation |
daga lat. modulatio - auna
Canjin maɓalli tare da matsawar cibiyar tonal (tonics). A cikin al'adun kiɗa, mafi yawan aikin M., dangane da jituwa. dangin maɓalli: maɓallan gama gari da maɓallan suna zama matsakanci; lokacin da aka tsinkayi waɗannan maƙallan, ana sake tantance ayyukansu. Yin kima yana haifar da bayyanar masu jituwa. juyawa, siffar sabon maɓalli, kuma tsarin daidaitawa tare da canjin daidai ya zama mai yanke hukunci:
Modulation ta hanyar triad gama gari yana yiwuwa idan sabon maɓalli yana cikin digiri na 1 ko na 2 na kusanci da ainihin ɗaya (duba dangantakar maɓallai). M. a cikin maɓallan nesa waɗanda ba su da triad ɗin gama gari ana samarwa ta hanyar maɓallan da suka jitu (bisa ga tsari ɗaya ko wani tsari):
M. naz. cikakke tare da gyare-gyare na ƙarshe ko dangi na sabon tonic (M. - miƙa mulki). M. mara kyau ya haɗa da karkacewa (tare da komawa zuwa babban maɓalli) da wucewa M. (tare da ƙarin motsi na daidaitawa).
Wani nau'i na musamman na M. shine enharmonic M. (duba Enharmonism), wanda madaidaicin maɓalli ya zama gama gari ga maɓallan biyu saboda ƙararrawa. sake tunani tsarin tsarin sa. Irin wannan juzu'i na iya haɗa mafi nisa tonalities cikin sauƙi, samar da wani ba zato modulation juyi, musamman a lokacin da anharmonic. jujjuya mafi rinjayen mawaƙa na bakwai zuwa ga canji mai rinjaye:
F. Schubert String Quintet op. 163, kashi na II.
Melodic-harmonic M. ya kamata a bambanta daga M. mai aiki, wanda ke haɗa sautin ta hanyar muryar da ke jagorantar kanta ba tare da madaidaicin tsaka-tsaki ba. Tare da M., chromatism yana samuwa a cikin sauti na kusa, yayin da haɗin aikin ya koma baya:
Mafi halayyar melodic-harmonic. M. a maɓallan nesa ba tare da wani haɗin aiki ba. A wannan yanayin, wani lokacin ana ƙirƙirar anharmonism na hasashe, wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin kide-kide don guje wa ɗimbin haruffa a cikin maɓalli daidai daidai da anharmonic:
A cikin motsi na monophonic (ko octave), ana samun melodic M. (ba tare da jituwa ba) wani lokaci, wanda zai iya zuwa kowane maɓalli:
L. Beethoven. Sonata don piano op. 7, kashi na II
M. ba tare da wani shiri ba, tare da yardar kai tsaye na sabon tonic, wanda ake kira. juxtaposition na sautunan. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani dashi lokacin kewayawa zuwa sabon sashe na tsari, amma a wasu lokuta ana samun shi a cikin ginin:
MI Glinka. Romance "Ina nan, Inezilla". Modulation-taswira (canzawa daga G-dur zuwa H-dur).
Daga tonal M. da aka yi la'akari da shi a sama, wajibi ne a bambanta m.
Canji daga ƙarami zuwa babba shine musamman halayen IS Bach's cadences:
JC Bach. The Well-Tempered Clavier, vol. I, gabatarwa a cikin d-moll
Ana amfani da canjin juzu'i azaman juxtaposition na tonic triads, yana mai da hankali kan ƙaramin launi na ƙarshen:
L. Beethoven. Sonata don piano op. 27 No 2, part I.
M. suna da magana mai mahimmanci. ma'ana a cikin kiɗa. Suna wadatar waƙar waƙa da jituwa, suna kawo nau'ikan launuka iri-iri, suna faɗaɗa haɗin haɗin gwiwar aiki, kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar muses. ci gaba, faffadan fa'idar fasaha. abun ciki. A cikin haɓakar haɓakawa, an tsara haɗin aiki na tonalities. Matsayin M. a cikin tsarin kiɗa yana da matukar muhimmanci. aikin gaba dayansa kuma dangane da sassansa. Daban-daban dabaru na M. sun haɓaka a cikin tsarin tarihi. ci gaban jituwa. Duk da haka, riga tsohon monophonic Nar. waƙoƙin waƙa ne. daidaitawa, wanda aka bayyana a cikin canji a cikin sautunan tunani na yanayin (duba Yanayin Sauyawa). Dabarun daidaitawa sun fi dacewa da ɗaya ko wani muses. salo.
References: Rimsky-Korsakov HA, Littafi Mai Tsarki na jituwa, 1886, 1889 (a cikin Poln. sobr. soch., vol. IV, M., 1960); Kyawawan hanya cikin jituwa, vol. 1-2, M., 1934-35 (Mawallafi: I. Sopin, I. Dubovsky, S. Yevseev, V. Sokolov); Tyulin Yu. N., Littafin daidaitawa, M., 1959, 1964; Zolochevsky VH, Pro-modulation, Kipp, 1972; Riemann H., Systematische Modulationslehre als Grundlage der musikalischen Formenlehre, Hamb., 1887 (a cikin fassarar Rashanci - Koyarwar tsari na daidaitawa a matsayin tushen tsarin kiɗa, M., 1898, Nov. ed., M., 1929).
Yu. N. Tyulin
