Microchromatic

Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa ya wanzu a cikin kiɗa tun zamanin Girka, amma ba kowa ya san shi ba?

Microchromatic  wani nau'i ne na musamman na tsarin tazara na kiɗa. Shahararren mawakin ka'idar Rasha kuma fitaccen masanin kida Yuri Kholopov ne ya ware shi kuma ya bayyana shi. Mahimmin ra'ayi na microchromatics shine microinterval, wato, tazara, wanda girmansa bai wuce semitone ba. Don haka, akwai microintervals kwata-kwata, tretetone, sautin shida, da dai sauransu. Yana da kyau a lura cewa su ne barga abubuwa na tsarin sauti. Sai kawai a yanzu, kunnen da ba a horar da shi a zahiri ya kasa bambance su, saboda haka yana ganin su a matsayin sauye-sauye na ƙarya ko rashin jituwa a cikin tsarin yanayin.

Microinterval: mataki mai wuya na sikelin

Abin sha'awa, ƙananan tazara za a iya auna daidai kuma ana iya wakilta su azaman lambobi. Kuma idan muka yi magana game da tsayin tabbaci na microchromatics, to, abubuwansa, kamar diatonic da chromatic intervals, sun zama cikakkiyar ma'anar jituwa.

Duk da haka, ba a riga an ƙirƙiri tsarin ƙididdiga na gabaɗaya don ƙananan tazara ba har yau. A lokaci guda, mawaƙa guda ɗaya har yanzu sun yi ƙoƙarin yin rikodin waƙoƙin da aka ƙirƙira ta amfani da microchromatic akan sandar layin biyar. Abin lura ne cewa ƙananan tazara an bayyana ba a matsayin matakai masu zaman kansu ba, amma azaman sauye-sauye na microtonal, wanda kawai za'a iya kwatanta shi azaman ƙara kaifi ko rage lebur.

A bit na tarihi

An san cewa an yi amfani da tazarar microchromatic a tsohuwar kiɗan Girka. Duk da haka, a cikin littattafan kiɗa na Ptolemy da Nicomachus a farkon zamanin daular Romawa, an yi bayanin su ba don fahimta ba, amma a matsayin haraji ga al'ada, ba tare da nuna amfani da amfani ba. A tsakiyar zamanai, tsarin tazarar ya ma fi sauƙaƙa, kodayake wasu masana ilimin tunani sun bayyana jerin waƙa bisa ga tsohuwar al'adar Girka.

A aikace, an fara amfani da micro-chromatics a lokacin Renaissance, musamman mawaƙa irin su John Hotby, Marchetto na Padua da Nicola Vicentino. Duk da haka, tasirinsu a kimiyyar kiɗan Turai ba shi da ƙima. Hakanan akwai wasu gwaje-gwaje guda ɗaya tare da ƙananan tazara. Ɗaya daga cikin misalan da suka fi daukar hankali shine aikin Guillaume Cotelet "Seigneur Dieu ta pitié", wanda aka rubuta a cikin 1558 kuma yana nuna ainihin yiwuwar microchromatics.

Mawaƙin Italiyanci Ascanio Maione ne ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga haɓaka microchromatics, wanda masanin halitta Fabio Colonna ya ba da izini, ya rubuta wasannin motsa jiki da yawa. Waɗannan ayyukan, waɗanda aka buga a 1618 a Naples, yakamata su nuna iyawar kayan aikin keyboard na Lynche sambuca, wanda Colonna ke haɓakawa.

Microchromatics a cikin 20th - farkon ƙarni na 21st

A cikin karni na 20, microchromatics ya tada sha'awar mawaƙa da mawaƙa da yawa. Daga cikin su akwai A. Lurie, A. Ogolevets, A. Khaba, A. Fokker, da dai sauransu. Amma mawakin Rasha Arseniy Avraamov, a karon farko a tarihi, ya yi nasarar hada wakokin microchromatic da na lantarki a aikace. An kira sabuwar ka'idar ultrachromatic.

Amma daya daga cikin mafi aiki microchromatists Ivan Vyshnegradsky. Kwarewarsa na cikin ayyuka da yawa a cikin nau'in duet na piano, lokacin da ɗayan kayan aikin ya yi sautin kwata ƙasa da ɗayan. Mawakin Czech A. Haba shima yayi amfani da ka'idar microchromatics. A 1931, ya halicci duniya-sanannen opera "Uwar", wanda yake shi ne cikakken kwata-kwata.

A cikin 1950s, injiniyan Rasha E. Murzin ya ƙirƙira ANS optoelectronic synthesizer a cikin abin da kowane octave aka raba zuwa 72 (!) Daidai microintervals. Bayan shekaru goma, yiwuwar wannan kayan aiki mai ban mamaki sun yi nazari sosai ta hanyar A. Volokonsky, A. Schnittke, S. Gubaidulina, E. Denisov, S. Kreichi da sauransu. E. Artemyev ya sami amfani da shi - shi ne wanda ya rubuta sauti na kiɗa na "sarari" don shahararren fim na duniya Solaris.

Sabuwar kiɗan ilimi tana amfani da microchromatics sosai. Amma kaɗan daga cikin marubutan suna amfani da ka'idar microintervals a aikace - waɗannan su ne M. Levinas, T. Murai, R. Mazhulis, Br. Ferneyhoy, da dai sauransu. Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa cewa tare da haɓaka sababbin fasahohin wasa da kuma farfaɗo da makarantu na tsoffin kayan kida, ana kula da mafi kusa ga microchromatics.

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Yanzu kun san game da microchromatics - abin da yake, lokacin da ya bayyana da kuma yadda ya "tsira" a cikin tarihin kiɗa.