Adolphe Charles Adam |
Adolphe Charles Adam
Marubucin shahararren ballet na duniya "Giselle" A. Adam na ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun kuma ƙaunatattun mawaƙa na Faransa a farkon rabin karni na 46. Wasan operas ɗinsa da na ballets sun sami babban nasara tare da jama'a, shaharar Adana har ma a lokacin rayuwarsa ya ketare iyakokin Faransa. Abinda ya gada yana da girma: sama da 18 operas, XNUMX ballets (daga cikinsu akwai Maiden na Danube, Corsair, Faust). Ana bambanta kiɗan sa da kyawun waƙar, da filastik na ƙirar, da dabarar kayan aiki. An haifi Adan a cikin dangin ɗan wasan pian, farfesa a Conservatory na Paris L. Adan. Sunan mahaifin ya yi yawa, a cikin ɗalibansa akwai F. Kalkbrenner da F. Herold. A cikin ƙananan shekarunsa, Adan bai nuna sha'awar kiɗa ba kuma ya shirya don aiki a matsayin masanin kimiyya. Duk da haka, ya sami ilimin kiɗan kiɗa a Paris Conservatory. Ganawa da mawaki F. Boildieu, daya daga cikin manyan mawakan Faransa na wancan lokacin, ya yi tasiri mai karfi wajen bunkasa fasaharsa. Nan take ya hango wata tsarabar waqa a Adana ya kai shi class dinsa.
Nasarorin da matashin mawakin ya samu sun kasance masu mahimmanci cewa a cikin 1825 ya sami lambar yabo ta Rome. Adana da Boildieu suna da abokan hulɗa masu zurfi masu zurfi. A cewar zanen malaminsa, Adam ya rubuta wasiƙar wa opera mafi shahara kuma shahararriyar opera ta Boildieu, The White Lady. Bi da bi, Boildieu ya yi hasashe a Adana sana'a don kiɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya shawarce shi da ya fara juya zuwa nau'in wasan opera mai ban dariya. Wasan wasan kwaikwayo na farko na wasan kwaikwayo Adana an rubuta shi a cikin 1829 bisa wani makirci daga tarihin Rasha, wanda Peter I ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan haruffa. An kira opera Peter da Catherine. Wasan operas da suka bayyana a cikin shekaru masu zuwa sun sami babbar shahara da shahara: The Cabin (1834), The Postman from Longjumeau (1836), King from Yveto (1842), Cagliostro (1844). Mawaƙin ya rubuta da yawa da sauri. "Kusan duk masu sukar suna zargina da yin rubutu da sauri," in ji Adan, "Na rubuta The Cabin a cikin kwanaki goma sha biyar, Giselle a cikin makonni uku, da kuma Idan Na kasance Sarki a cikin watanni biyu." Duk da haka, nasara mafi girma da kuma rayuwa mafi tsawo ya fadi ga rabon ballet Giselle (libre. T. Gauthier da G. Corali), wanda ya zama farkon abin da ake kira. Faransa romantic ballet. Sunayen ban mamaki ballerinas Ch. Grisi da M. Taglioni, waɗanda suka ƙirƙiri mawallafin waƙar Giselle, suna da alaƙa da ballet Adana. Sunan Adana ya shahara a Rasha. A baya a cikin 1839, ya zo St. Petersburg, tare da dalibinsa, shahararren mawaki Sheri-Kuro, a yawon shakatawa. A St. Petersburg, sha'awar ballet ya yi sarauta. Taglioni yayi a kan mataki. Mawakin ya shaida irin nasarar da dan wasan ya samu a babban bangarensa na Ballet dinsa Maiden Danube. Gidan wasan opera ya yi tasiri sosai akan Adana. Ya lura da gazawar ƙungiyar opera kuma ya yi magana mai ban sha'awa game da ballet: “... Anan kowa ya sha rawa. Kuma bayan haka, tun da mawaƙa na kasashen waje kusan ba su taba zuwa St. Nasarar mawakiyar da na raka ta yi yawa…”
Duk nasarorin da aka samu na ballet na Faransa da sauri sun koma matakin Rasha. An gudanar da wasan ballet "Giselle" a St. Petersburg a 1842, shekara guda bayan wasan farko na Paris. Har yanzu yana cikin repertoires na gidajen wasan kwaikwayo da yawa na kiɗa har wa yau.
Shekaru masu yawa mawaƙin bai fara tsara kiɗa ba. Bayan sun yi taho-mu-gama da darektan Opera Comique, Adan ya yanke shawarar bude nasa harkar wasan kwaikwayo mai suna National Theater. Ya kasance kawai shekara guda, kuma an tilasta mawallafin da aka lalata, don inganta yanayin kuɗin kuɗi, don sake komawa ga abun da ke ciki. A cikin wadannan shekaru (1847-48), da yawa feuilletons da articles bayyana a buga, kuma daga 1848 ya zama farfesa a Paris Conservatory.
Daga cikin ayyukan wannan lokacin akwai operas da yawa waɗanda suke mamakin makirci iri-iri: Toreador (1849), Giralda (1850), Nuremberg Doll (dangane da ɗan gajeren labari na TA Hoffmann The Sandman - 1852), Be I King. "(1852)," Falstaff "(bisa ga W. Shakespeare - 1856). A cikin 1856, an shirya ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, Le Corsaire.
Jama'ar kasar Rasha sun sami damar sanin basirar adabi na mawaki a shafukan gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kade-kade, wanda a shekara ta 1859 ya buga gutsuttsura daga abubuwan tunawa da mawakin a shafukansa. Kiɗa na Adan ɗaya ne daga cikin mafi kyawun shafuka na al'adun kiɗa na ƙarni na XNUMX. Ba kwatsam ba ne C. Saint-Saens ya rubuta: “Ina abubuwan ban mamaki na Giselle da Corsair suke?! Waɗannan su ne abin koyi na ballets. Al'adunsu na bukatar a farfado da su. Don girman Allah idan zai yiwu a ba mu kyawawan ’yan wasan ƙwallo na baya.”
L. Kozhevnikova
