Nicola Porpora |

Nicola Porpora

Порпора. Babban Jupiter

Mawaƙin Italiyanci kuma malamin murya. Fitaccen wakilin makarantar opera ta Neapolitan.

Ya sami ilimin kiɗan kiɗan a Cibiyar Conservatory na Neapolitan Dei Poveri di Gesu Cristo, wanda ya shiga a cikin 1696. Tuni a cikin 1708 ya fara fitowa cikin nasara a matsayin mawakin opera (Agrippina), bayan haka ya zama mai kula da kiɗa na Yariman Hesse-Darmstadt. , sannan kuma ya sami irin wannan lakabi daga wakilin Portuguese a Roma. A cikin uku na farko na karni na 1726, da yawa operas na Porpora aka shirya ba kawai a Naples, amma kuma a wasu Italiyanci birane, kazalika a Vienna. Daga 1733, ya koyar a Conservatory na Incurabili a Venice, kuma a cikin 1736, ya samu gayyata daga Ingila, ya tafi London, inda har 1747 ya kasance babban mawaki na abin da ake kira "Opera na Nobility" ("Opera). of the Nobility”), wanda yayi gogayya da ƙungiyar Handel. . Bayan ya koma Italiya, Porpora ya yi aiki a ma'auni a Venice da Naples. Lokacin daga 1751 zuwa 1753 ya shafe a kotun Saxon a Dresden a matsayin malamin murya, sannan kuma a matsayin mai kula da makada. Ba daga baya fiye da 1760, ya koma Vienna, inda ya zama malamin kiɗa a kotun daular (a lokacin ne J. Haydn ya kasance tare da shi kuma dalibi). A cikin XNUMX ya koma Naples. Ya shafe shekaru na ƙarshe a rayuwarsa cikin talauci.

Mafi mahimmanci nau'in aikin Porpora shine opera. Gabaɗaya, ya ƙirƙira kusan ayyukan 50 a cikin wannan nau'in, waɗanda aka rubuta galibi akan batutuwa na d ¯ a (mafi shaharar su ne "Semiramis Gane", "Ariadne akan Naxos", "Themistocles"). A matsayinka na mai mulki, wasan kwaikwayo na Porpora yana buƙatar cikakkiyar ƙwarewar murya daga masu yin wasan kwaikwayo, tun da yake an bambanta su ta hanyar hadaddun, sau da yawa sassan murya na virtuoso. Har ila yau, salon wasan opera yana cikin wasu ayyuka masu yawa na mawaƙa - solo cantatas, oratorios, guda na repertoire na koyarwa ("solfeggio"), da kuma abubuwan da aka tsara na coci. Duk da fifikon fifikon kiɗan murya, gadon Porpora kuma ya haɗa da ainihin ayyukan kayan aiki (cello da kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide da sarewa, Royal Overture for orchestra, 25 ensemble sonatas na daban-daban abubuwan da 2 fugues for harpsichord).

Daga cikin ɗimbin ɗaliban mawaƙin akwai shahararriyar mawakiya Farinelli, da kuma fitacciyar mawakiyar opera Traetta.