Albert Roussel |

Albert Roussel

Tarihin rayuwar A. Roussel, daya daga cikin fitattun mawakan Faransa na farkon rabin karni na 25, ba sabon abu bane. Ya kwashe shekarunsa na matashi yana tafiya a cikin tekun Indiya da Pasifik, kamar N. Rimsky-Korsakov, ya ziyarci kasashe masu ban mamaki. Jami'in sojan ruwa Roussel bai ma yi tunanin kiɗa a matsayin sana'a ba. Sai kawai yana da shekaru 1894 ya yanke shawarar sadaukar da kansa gaba ɗaya ga kiɗa. Bayan wani lokaci na shakku da shakku, Roussel ya nemi yin murabus kuma ya zauna a ƙaramin garin Roubaix. Anan ya fara darussa daidai da darakta na makarantar kiɗa na gida. Daga Oktoba 4 Roussel yana zaune a Paris, inda yake ɗaukar darussan abun ciki daga E. Gigot. Bayan 1902 shekaru, ya shiga cikin Schola cantorum a cikin abun da ke ciki aji na V. d'Andy, inda riga a cikin XNUMX aka gayyace shi zuwa mukamin farfesa na counterpoint. A nan ya koyar da shi har lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Ajin Roussel yana samun halartar mawaƙa waɗanda daga baya suka ɗauki babban matsayi a cikin al'adun kiɗa na Faransa, E. Satie, E. Varèse, P. Le Flem, A. Roland-Manuel.

Russel na farko abubuwan da aka yi a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa a cikin 1898. kuma ya sami lambar yabo a gasar ta Society of Composers, ba su tsira ba. A shekara ta 1903, aikin wasan kwaikwayo na "Tashin matattu", wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa ga labari na L. Tolstoy, an yi shi a wasan kwaikwayo na National Musical Society (A. Corto). Kuma ko da kafin wannan taron, sunan Roussel ya zama sananne a cikin da'irori na kiɗa saboda godiya ga ɗakin ɗakinsa da abubuwan da suka haɗa da murya (Trio don piano, violin da cello, waƙoƙi guda hudu don murya da piano zuwa ayoyin A. Renier, "The Hours Pass" don piano).

Sha'awa a Gabas ta sa Roussel ta sake yin babban tafiya zuwa Indiya, Cambodia da Ceylon. Mawaƙin ya sake sha'awar manyan haikalin, yana halartar wasan kwaikwayo na inuwa, yana sauraron ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta gamelan. Rugujewar tsohon garin Chittor na Indiya, inda Padmavati ya taɓa yin sarauta, ya burge shi sosai. Gabas, wanda fasahar kiɗan ta Roussel ya saba da shi a cikin ƙuruciyarsa, ya haɓaka yaren kiɗan nasa sosai. A cikin ayyukan farkon shekarun, mawaƙin yana amfani da halayen kidan Indiya, Kambodiya, da Indonesiya. Hotunan Gabas an gabatar da su sosai a cikin opera-ballet Padmavati, wanda aka yi a Grand Opera (1923) kuma yana samun babban nasara. Daga baya, a cikin 30s. Roussel yana ɗaya daga cikin na farko da ya fara amfani da shi a cikin aikinsa abin da ake kira yanayi mai ban mamaki - tsohuwar Girkanci, Sinanci, Indiya (Sonata don Violin da Piano).

Roussel bai tsira daga tasirin Impressionism ba. A cikin wasan ballet guda ɗaya The Idin gizo-gizo (1912), ya ƙirƙiri maki da aka lura don kyawun kyawawan hotuna, ƙawance, ƙirƙira ƙira.

Shiga yakin duniya na farko ya kasance wani sauyi a rayuwar Roussel. Dawowa daga gaba, mawaki ya canza salon kirkirarsa. Ya haɗa da sabon yanayin neoclassicism. "Albert Roussel yana barin mu," in ji mai suka E. Viyermoz, mai bin ra'ayi, "yana barin ba tare da yin bankwana ba, shiru, mai da hankali, da kamewa… Zai tafi, zai tafi, zai tafi. Amma a ina? An riga an bayyana tashi daga impressionism a cikin Symphony na Biyu (1919-22). A cikin ta uku (1930) da ta huɗu Symphonies (1934-35), mawaƙin yana ƙara tabbatar da kansa akan sabuwar hanya, ƙirƙirar ayyuka waɗanda ƙa'idar ingantacciya ke ƙara fitowa a gaba.

A karshen 20s. Rubuce-rubucen Roussel sun shahara a kasashen waje. A cikin 1930, ya ziyarci Amurka kuma ya kasance a wurin wasan kwaikwayo na Symphony na Uku ta Boston Symphony Orchestra karkashin jagorancin S. Koussevitzky, wanda aka rubuta a kan tsari.

Roussel yana da babban iko a matsayin malami. Daga cikin dalibansa akwai shahararrun mawaƙa na karni na 1935: tare da waɗanda aka ambata a sama, waɗannan su ne B. Martinou, K. Risager, P. Petridis. Daga 1937 har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa (XNUMX), Roussel shi ne shugaban kungiyar Popular Musical Federation na Faransa.

Da yake bayyana manufarsa, mawaƙin ya ce: “Al’adar ɗabi’a ta ruhaniya ita ce ginshiƙin kowace al’umma da ke da’awar wayewa, kuma a cikin sauran fasahohin, waƙa ita ce mafi mahimmanci kuma mafi ɗaukaka bayanin waɗannan dabi’u.”

V. Ilyev

Abubuwan da aka tsara:

wasan kwaikwayo – Padmavati (opera-ballet, op. 1918; 1923, Paris), Haihuwar Lyre (lyric, La Naissance de la lyre, 1925, Paris), Alkawari na Aunt Caroline (Le Testament de la tante Caroline, 1936, Olmouc , in Czech . lang.; 1937, Paris, in French); ballet – Idin Spider (Le festin de l'araignee. 1-act pantomime ballet; 1913, Paris), Bacchus da Ariadne (1931, Paris), Aeneas (tare da mawaƙa; 1935, Brussels); Haruffa (Evocations, na soloists, mawaƙa da makaɗa, 1922); don makada - 4 symphonies (waƙar daji - La Poeme de la foret, shirye-shirye, 1906; 1921, 1930, 1934), waƙoƙin wakoki: Lahadi (Tashi, bisa ga L. Tolstoy, 1903) da kuma bikin bazara (Zuba une fete de printemps, 1920). , suite F-dur (Suite en Fa, 1926), Petite suite (1929), Flemish Rhapsody (Rapsodie flamande, 1936), symphoniette for string orchestra. (1934); abubuwan da aka tsara don makada na soja; don kayan aiki da makada – fp. concerto (1927), concertino for wlc. (1936); dakin kayan aiki ensembles - Duet don bassoon tare da bass biyu (ko tare da vlc., 1925), uku - p. (1902), kirtani (1937), don sarewa, viola da woofer. (1929), zaure. quartet (1932), rarraba don sextet (quintet na ruhaniya da piano, 1906), sonatas don Skr. da fp. (1908, 1924), guda don piano, gabo, garaya, gita, sarewa da clarinet tare da piano; kujeru; waƙoƙi; kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo, gami da wasan R. Rolland na “July 14” (tare da A. Honegger da sauransu, 1936, Paris).

Ayyukan adabi: Sanin yadda za a zaɓa, (P., 1936); Tunani akan kiɗa a yau, в кн.: Bernard R., A. Roussel, P., 1948.

References: Jourdan-Morhange H., Mes amis musiciens, P., 1955 (Fassarar Rasha – Jourdan-Morhange E., Abokina mawaƙi ne, M., 1966); Schneerson G., Kiɗa na Faransa na 1964th Century, Moscow, 1970, XNUMX.