Kalanda na kiɗa - Yuni

Yuni wata ne da ke buɗe rani da aka daɗe ana jira, watan haifuwar mutane masu haske. A watan Yuni, duniyar kiɗa tana murna da ranar haihuwar irin waɗannan masters kamar Mikhail Glinka, Aram Khachaturian, Robert Schumann, Igor Stravinsky.

Ba zato ba tsammani, a wannan watan kuma an gudanar da wasannin ballet na Stravinsky Petrushka da The Firebird.

Hazakarsu ta rayu tsawon shekaru

1 Yuni 1804 shekara An haifi mawaki a lardin Smolensk, wanda muhimmancinsa a cikin ci gaban al'adun kasar Rasha ba za a iya yin la'akari da shi ba. Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka. Bisa ga nasarorin ƙarni na ƙwararru da kiɗa na Rasha, ya taƙaita tsarin kafa makarantar mawaƙa ta ƙasa.

Tun yana yaro ya kasance mai sha'awar waƙoƙin jama'a, ya taka leda a cikin mawaƙa na ƙaho na kawunsa, ya sadu da Alexander Pushkin yana matashi, yana sha'awar tarihin Rasha da almara. Tafiya zuwa kasashen waje ya taimaka wa mawaki ya fahimci sha'awarsa don kawo kiɗan Rasha zuwa matakin duniya. Kuma ya yi nasara. Wakokinsa na operas "Ivan Susanin", "Ruslan da Lyudmila" sun shiga taskar duniya a matsayin misalan litattafan Rasha.

6 Yuni 1903 shekara an haife shi a Baku Aram Khachaturyan. Wannan mawaƙin na musamman bai sami ilimin kiɗa na farko ba; Gabatarwar ƙwararrun Khachaturian game da fasahar kiɗan ya fara ne tun yana ɗan shekara 19 tare da shiga kwalejin kiɗa na Gnesins, na farko a cikin ajin cello, sannan a cikin abun ciki.

Cancantarsa ​​ita ce ya iya haɗa waƙar gabas ɗaya ɗaya tare da hadisai na ban mamaki na gargajiya. Daga cikin mashahuran ayyukansa akwai 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Spartacus da Gayane, waɗanda ke cikin fitattun fina-finan duniya.

AI Khachaturian - "Waltz" daga kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo "Masquerade" (firam daga fim din "War and Peace")

8 Yuni 1810 shekara daya daga cikin wakilan mafi haske na zamanin romanticism ya zo duniya - Robert Schuman. Duk da sana'ar lauya da aka samu a kan nacewar mahaifiyarsa, mawaki bai fara aiki a cikin sana'arsa ba. Kade-kade da kade-kade ne suka ja hankalinsa, har wani lokaci ya yi shakku, ya zabi hanya. Kiɗarsa sananne ne don yanayin shigarsa, babban tushen hotunansa shine zurfin duniyar da ke tattare da ji na ɗan adam.

Abokan zamanin Schumann ba sa so su karɓi aikinsa, a gare su kiɗan mawaƙin ya zama kamar hadaddun, sabon abu, yana buƙatar fahimta mai zurfi. Duk da haka, an yi godiya ga mawaƙa na "masu ƙarfi mai ƙarfi" da P. Tchaikovsky. Piano cycles "Carnival", "Butterflies", "Kreisleriana", "Symphonic Etudes", waƙoƙi da kuma sautin zagayowar, 4 symphonies - wannan shi ne mai nisa daga cikakken jerin na masterpieces, kai ga repertoire na manyan masu wasan kwaikwayo na zamaninmu.

Daga cikin shahararrun mawakan da aka haifa a watan Yuni da Edvard Grieg ne adam wata. Ya shigo zama 15 Yuni 1843 shekara a cikin Bergen na Norwegian a cikin dangin karamin ofishin Birtaniya. Grieg majagaba ne na al'adun Norway wanda ya kawo shi matakin duniya. Ƙwarewar farko da ƙauna ga kiɗa an sanya su a cikin mawaki ta mahaifiyarsa. Salon mawaƙin mutum ɗaya ya fara ɗaukar hoto a Leipzig Conservatory, inda, duk da tsarin ilimin gargajiya, Grieg ya kusantar da salon soyayya. Gumakansa su ne R. Schumann, R. Wagner, F. Chopin.

Bayan ya koma Oslo, Grieg ya fara ƙarfafa al'adun ƙasa a cikin kiɗa da kuma inganta shi a tsakanin masu sauraro. Aikin mawallafin ya yi sauri ya sami hanyar zuwa zukatan masu sauraro. Suite dinsa "Peer Gynt", "Symphonic Dances", "Pieces Lyric" na piano ana jin su akai-akai daga matakin wasan kwaikwayo.

17 Yuni 1882 shekara an haife shi a Petersburg Igor Stravinsky, mawaki wanda, a ra'ayinsa, yana rayuwa "a lokacin da bai dace ba". Ya sami suna a matsayin mai juyar da al'adu, mai neman sabbin salon saƙa. Masu zamani suna kiransa mahalicci mai fuska dubu.

Ya yi ma'amala da fa'ida tare da siffofin, nau'ikan nau'ikan tsare-tsaren, koyaushe yana neman sabon haduwa da su. Bangaren sha'awar sa bai takaitu ga rubutawa ba. Stravinsky ya tsunduma cikin yin aiki da ayyukan ilimi, ya sadu da fitattun mutane - N. Rimsky-Korsakov, S. Diaghilev, A. Lyadov, I. Glazunov, T. Mann, P. Picasso.

Da'irar mawakan da ya saba sun fi yawa. Stravinsky yayi tafiya mai yawa, ya ziyarci ƙasashe da yawa. Kyawawan ballets ɗinsa "Petrushka" da "The Rite of Spring" suna jin daɗin masu sauraron zamani.

Abin sha'awa, a cikin watan da aka haife shi, an gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na ballet guda biyu na Stravinsky. Ranar 25 ga Yuni, 1910, an fara samar da Firebird na farko a Grand Opera, kuma bayan shekara guda, a ranar 15 ga Yuni, 1911, ya faru na farko na Petrushka.

Shahararrun yan wasan kwaikwayo

7 Yuni 1872 shekara ya bayyana ga duniya Leonid Sobinov, mawaƙi wanda masanin kiɗan B. Asafiev ya kira spring of lyrics na Rasha. A cikin aikinsa, an haɗa haƙiƙanin gaskiya tare da tsarin mutum ɗaya zuwa kowane hoto. Fara yin aiki a kan rawar, mawaƙin ya yi niyya don bayyana halin jarumin a zahiri da gaskiya.

Sobinov na son raira waƙa ya bayyana tun daga ƙuruciya, amma ya fara shiga cikin sauti yayin karatu a jami'a, inda ya halarci ƙungiyar mawaƙa biyu: na ruhaniya da na duniya. An lura da shi kuma an gayyace shi a matsayin ɗalibi na kyauta zuwa Makarantar Philharmonic. Nasarar ta zo tare da sashin Sinodal daga opera "The Demon", wanda aka yi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi. Masu sauraro sun yarda da matashin mawaƙin da farin ciki, aria "Juyawa cikin falcon ..." dole ne a yi shi azaman abin ƙarfafawa. Ta haka ne ya fara cin nasara aikin wasan kwaikwayo na singer ba kawai a Rasha ba, har ma a kasashen waje.

14 Yuni 1835 shekara An haifi Nikolai Rubinstein – fitaccen madugu na Rasha da piano, malami kuma jigo na jama'a. A matsayinsa na dan wasan piano, ya zavi rerar sa ta yadda zai isar wa mai saurare nau’ukan salon kida da salon kida. Babu ƙarancin shahara Nikolai Rubinstein a matsayin jagora. A karkashin jagorancinsa, an gudanar da wasanni fiye da 250 a RMO ba kawai a Moscow da St. Petersburg ba, har ma a cikin biranen larduna.

A matsayin jama'a, N. Rubinshtein ya shirya kide-kide na jama'a kyauta. Shi ne mafarin bude na Moscow Conservatory, da kuma na dogon lokaci ya darektan. Shi ne ya jawo P. Tchaikovsky, G. Laroche, S. Taneyev don koyar da shi. Nikolai Rubinstein ya ji daɗin shahara da ƙauna tsakanin abokai da masu sauraro. Shekaru da yawa bayan mutuwarsa, an gudanar da kide-kide na tunawa da shi a Moscow Conservatory.

MI Glinka – MA Balakirev – “Lark” Mikhail Pletnev ya yi

Mawallafi - Victoria Denisova