Kiɗa da launi: game da abin da ya faru na jin launi

Ko da a Indiya ta d ¯ a, ra'ayoyi na musamman game da kusanci tsakanin kiɗa da launi sun haɓaka. Musamman Hindu sun yi imani cewa kowane mutum yana da nasa waƙa da launi. Aristotle mai haske ya yi jayayya a cikin littafinsa "A kan Soul" cewa dangantakar launuka tana kama da jituwa na kiɗa.

Pythagoreans sun fi son farar fata a matsayin babban launi a sararin samaniya, kuma launukan bakan a ganinsu sun yi daidai da sautunan kiɗa guda bakwai. Launuka da sautuna a cikin cosmogony na Helenawa dakarun kirkire-kirkire ne.

A cikin ƙarni na 18, masanin kimiyya na zuhudu L. Castel ya ɗauki ra’ayin gina “harpsichord mai launi.” Danna maɓalli zai gabatar da mai sauraro tare da tabo mai haske a cikin taga na musamman a saman kayan aikin a cikin nau'i na ribbon mai motsi mai launi, tutoci, masu haske da launuka daban-daban na duwatsu masu daraja, hasken wuta ko kyandir don inganta tasirin.

Mawaƙa Rameau, Telemann da Grétry sun kula da ra'ayoyin Castel. A lokaci guda kuma, masana ilmin ilmin lissafi sun yi masa kakkausar suka da suka yi la'akari da kwatankwacin "sauti bakwai na ma'auni - launuka bakwai na bakan" ba za a iya jurewa ba.

Lamarin ji na "launi".

Wasu fitattun mawakan kida ne suka gano lamarin hangen launi na kiɗa. Ga fitaccen mawakin Rasha NA Rimsky-Korsakov, shahararrun mawakan Soviet BV Asafiev, SS Skrebkov, AA Quesnel da sauransu sun ga duk maɓallan manya da ƙanana kamar yadda aka zana su cikin wasu launuka. Mawakin Austrian na karni na 20. A. Schoenberg ya kwatanta launuka da kayan kade-kade na kayan kida na makada. Kowanne daga cikin fitattun mashahuran sun ga nasu kalar a cikin sautin kida.

• Alal misali, ga Rimsky-Korsakov yana da launi na zinariya kuma ya haifar da jin dadi da haske; ga Asafiev an zana shi da launi na Emerald green lawn bayan ruwan sama na bazara.
• Ya zama kamar duhu da dumi ga Rimsky-Korsakov, lemun tsami rawaya zuwa Quesnel, ja mai haske ga Asafiev, kuma ga Skrebkov ya haifar da ƙungiyoyi tare da launin kore.

Amma kuma an sami daidaituwar abin mamaki.

• An kwatanta tonality da shuɗi, launi na sararin samaniya.
• Rimsky-Korsakov ya haifar da ƙungiyoyi tare da launin rawaya, launi na sarauta, don Asafiev shine hasken rana, zafi mai zafi, kuma ga Skrebkov da Quesnel ya kasance rawaya.

Yana da kyau a lura cewa duk mawakan da aka ambata suna da cikakkiyar fage.

"Zanen launi" tare da sautuna

Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar kiɗa na NA sukan kira Rimsky-Korsakov "zanen sauti." Wannan ma'anar tana da alaƙa da kyawawan hotuna na kiɗan mawaƙin. Wasan operas na Rimsky-Korsakov da abubuwan kade-kade na ban mamaki suna da wadata a cikin shimfidar kida. Zaɓin shirin tonal don zane-zane na yanayi ba ta da haɗari ba.

Ana gani a cikin sautin shuɗi, E major da E flat major, a cikin wasan operas "Tale of Tsar Saltan", "Sadko", "The Golden Cockerel", an yi amfani da su don ƙirƙirar hotunan teku da taurarin sararin samaniya. An rubuta fitowar rana a cikin operas iri ɗaya a cikin A manyan - maɓallin bazara, ruwan hoda.

A cikin wasan opera "The Snow Maiden" yarinyar kankara ta fara bayyana a mataki a cikin "blue" E manyan, da mahaifiyarta Vesna-Krasna - a cikin "spring, ruwan hoda" A manyan. Bayyanar ji na lyrical yana nunawa ta hanyar mawaki a cikin "dumi" D-flat major - wannan kuma shine tonality na wurin narkewar Snow Maiden, wanda ya karbi kyautar ƙauna mai girma.

Mawaƙin Faransanci C. Debussy bai bar takamaiman bayanai ba game da hangen nesa na kiɗa a cikin launi. Amma piano na farko ya bayyana - "Terrace Visited by Moonlight", a cikin abin da sautin yana haskakawa, "Yarinya mai gashi mai laushi", wanda aka rubuta a cikin sautunan launi na ruwa, yana nuna cewa mawallafin yana da niyyar hada sauti, haske da launi.

C. Debussy "Yarinya mai Gashi Flaxen"

Debussy's symphonic work "Nocturnes" yana ba ku damar jin wannan musamman "sauti mai launi-launi". Bangare na farko, “Gilazawa,” yana kwatanta gizagizai masu launin azurfa a hankali suna motsi da shuɗewa daga nesa. Karfe na biyu na "Bikin" yana nuna fashewar haske a cikin yanayi, rawa mai ban mamaki. Da dare na uku, ’yan mata masu sihiri suna shawagi a kan raƙuman ruwa, suna kyalkyali da iska a cikin dare, suna rera waƙarsu ta sihiri.

K. Debussy "La'asar"

Da yake magana game da kiɗa da launi, ba shi yiwuwa a taɓa aikin ƙwararren AN Scriabin. Alal misali, a fili ya ji ɗimbin launin ja na F manyan, launin zinare na D babba, da launin shuɗi na F kaifi babba. Scriabin bai haɗa dukkan tonality da kowane launi ba. Mawallafin ya ƙirƙiri tsarin launi na wucin gadi (kuma ƙari akan da'irar biyar da bakan launi). Ra'ayoyin mawallafin game da haɗin kiɗa, haske da launi sun fi dacewa a cikin waƙar waƙar "Prometheus".

Masana kimiyya, masu kida da masu fasaha har yanzu suna jayayya a yau game da yiwuwar hada launi da kiɗa. Akwai nazarin cewa lokutan oscillations na sauti da raƙuman haske ba su dace ba kuma "sautin launi" wani abu ne kawai na tsinkaye. Amma mawaƙa suna da ma'anoni:. Kuma idan an haɗa sauti da launi a cikin haƙƙin ƙirƙira na mawallafin, to, an haifi babban “Prometheus” na A. Scriabin da majestic sauti shimfidar wurare na I. Levitan da N. Roerich. A cikin Polenova…