Mikhail Yurevich Vielgorsky |
Mikhail Vielgorsky
M. Vielgorsky wani zamani ne na M. Glinka, fitaccen mawaƙin kida da mawaƙi na farkon rabin karni na XNUMX. Abubuwan da suka fi girma a cikin rayuwar kiɗa na Rasha suna hade da sunansa.
Vielgorsky shi ne ɗan wakilin Poland a kotun Catherine II, wanda a cikin sabis na Rasha yana da matsayi na ainihin mashawarci. Tuni a cikin ƙuruciya, ya nuna fitattun damar iya yin kida: ya buga violin da kyau, yayi ƙoƙari ya tsara. Vielgorsky ya sami ilimin kiɗa mai mahimmanci, ya yi nazarin ka'idar kiɗa da jituwa tare da V. Martin-i-Soler, abun da ke ciki tare da Taubert. A cikin iyalin Vielgorsky, an girmama kiɗa a hanya ta musamman. Komawa a 1804, lokacin da dukan iyali suka zauna a Riga, Vielgorsky dauki bangare a gida quartet maraice: na farko violin taka mahaifinsa, Viola da Mikhail Yurevich, da kuma cello part da ɗan'uwansa, Matvey Yuryevich Vielgorsky, wani gagarumin wasan kwaikwayo. mawaki. Ba'a iyakance ga ilimin da aka samu ba, Vielgorsky ya ci gaba da karatunsa a cikin abun da ke ciki a birnin Paris tare da L. Cherubini, sanannen mawaki da kuma masanin.
Da yake fuskantar babban sha'awa ga kowane sabon abu, Vielgorsky ya sadu da L. Beethoven a Vienna kuma yana cikin masu sauraro takwas na farko a wasan kwaikwayo na "Pastoral". A tsawon rayuwarsa ya kasance babban mai sha'awar mawakin Jamus. Peru Mikhail Yuryevich Vielgorsky ya mallaki wasan opera "Gypsies" a kan makircin da ya shafi abubuwan da suka faru na yakin Patriotic na 1812 (libre V. Zhukovsky da V. Sologub), ya kasance daya daga cikin na farko a Rasha don ƙware manyan kumfa na sonata-symphonic. , rubuta 2 symphonies (Na farko da aka yi a 1825 a Moscow), kirtani quartet, biyu overtures. Ya kuma ƙirƙiri Bambance-bambance don cello da ƙungiyar kade-kade, guda don pianoforte, romances, gungu na murya, da kuma waƙoƙin waƙoƙi da yawa. Soyayyar Vielgorsky sun shahara sosai. Daya daga cikin soyayyarsa Glinka ne ya yi shi da son rai. "Daga wani kide-kide, ya rera abu daya kawai - romance na Count Mikhail Yurevich Vielgorsky "Ina son": amma ya rera wannan dadi romance da wannan babbar sha'awa, tare da wannan sha'awar a matsayin mafi m karin waƙa a cikin romances, "A. Serov ya tuna.
Duk inda Vielgorsky ke zaune, gidansa koyaushe ya zama irin cibiyar kiɗa. Ma'abota kida na gaskiya sun taru a nan, an yi kida da yawa a karon farko. A cikin gidan Vielgorsky F. Liszt a karo na farko wasa daga gani (bisa ga ci) "Ruslan da Lyudmila" by Glinka. Mawallafin D. Venevitinov ya kira gidan Vielgorsky "wata makarantar kimiyya ta dandano na kiɗa", G. Berlioz, wanda ya zo Rasha, "wani karamin haikali na fasaha mai kyau", Serov - "mafi kyawun tsari ga dukan masu shahararrun kiɗa na zamaninmu. ”
A 1813, Vielgorsky ya auri Louise Karlovna Biron a asirce, budurwar girmamawar Empress Maria. Ta haka ne ya jawo wa kansa kunya kuma aka tilasta masa ya tafi yankinsa na Luizino a lardin Kursk. A nan ne, daga rayuwar babban birnin kasar, Vielgorsky ya sami damar jawo hankalin masu kida da yawa. A cikin 20s. 7 na Beethoven's symphonies an yi shi a kan dukiyarsa. A cikin kowane kide kide da wake-wake, an yi wasan kade-kade da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na zamani, makwabta masu son sun halarci… Vielgorsky ya yaba wa kiɗan Glinka sosai. Wasan opera "Ivan Susanin" ya ɗauki babban zane. Game da Ruslan da Lyudmila, bai yarda da Glinka a cikin komai ba. Musamman ma, ya yi fushi da cewa an ba wani mutum mai shekaru ɗari kawai na teno a cikin opera. Vielgorsky ya goyi bayan adadi mai yawa na ci gaba a Rasha. Don haka, a cikin 1838, tare da Zhukovsky, ya shirya irin caca, abin da aka samu daga abin da aka samu ya fanshi mawaƙin T. Shevchenko daga aikin soja.
L. Kozhevnikova
