Maria Veniaminovna Yudina |

Mariya Yudina

Maria Yudina tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun launuka da asali a cikin sararin mu na pian. Ga asalin tunani, banbance-banbancen fassarori da yawa, an ƙara rashin daidaitattun labaranta. Kusan kowane wasan kwaikwayon nata ya zama abin ban sha'awa, galibi na musamman.

• Kiɗa na Piano a cikin kantin sayar da kan layi OZON.ru

Kuma a kowane lokaci, ko a farkon farkon aikin mai zane ne (20s) ko kuma daga baya, fasaharta ta haifar da cece-kuce a tsakanin ’yan wasan pian da kansu, da masu suka, da masu sauraro. Amma a baya a cikin 1933, G. Kogan cikin gamsarwa ya yi nuni ga amincin halayen fasaha na Yudina: “A cikin salo da kuma girman baiwarta, wannan ƴan wasan pian ɗin ba ta dace da tsarin wasan kwaikwayo da aka saba yi ba har ya sa mawaƙa suka kawo. sama a cikin hadisai romantic epigonation. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa maganganun game da fasahar MV Yudina sun bambanta kuma suna da sabani, wanda ke tattare da zarge-zarge na "rashin bayyanawa" zuwa zargin "yawan soyayya". Duka zargin rashin adalci ne. Dangane da ƙarfi da mahimmancin furcin pianism, MV Yudina ya san kaɗan kaɗan daidai da matakin wasan kide-kide na zamani. Yana da wahala a ambaci sunan mai wasan kwaikwayo wanda fasaharsa za ta sanya wa ran mai sauraro irin wannan mugun nufi, mai ƙarfi, tambari kamar kashi na biyu na kide-kiden A-dur na Mozart wanda MV Yudina ya yi ... "Ji" na MV Yudina baya fitowa daga kuka. da kuma nishi: ta hanyar babban tashin hankali na ruhaniya, an zana shi cikin layi mai tsauri, mai da hankali kan manyan sassa, ƙasa a cikin cikakkiyar tsari. Ga wasu, wannan fasaha na iya zama kamar "marasa ɗorewa": ƙarancin haske na wasan MV Yudina kuma ya wuce da yawa daga cikin abubuwan da ake tsammani "daɗaɗawa" da zagaye. Waɗannan fasalulluka na wasan kwaikwayon na MV Yudina suna ba da damar kusantar da wasan kwaikwayon nata zuwa wasu abubuwan zamani a cikin fasahar wasan kwaikwayo. Halaye a nan shine "polyplan" na tunani, "matsananci" tempos (skirin - sannu a hankali, sauri - sauri fiye da yadda aka saba), m da sabon "karanta" rubutun, da nisa daga son zuciya, amma wani lokacin da rashin daidaituwa tare da epigone. hadisai. Waɗannan fasalulluka suna sauti daban-daban idan aka yi amfani da su ga marubuta daban-daban: wataƙila sun fi gamsuwa a Bach da Hindemith fiye da na Schumann da Chopin. Haɓaka haƙiƙa wanda ya riƙe ƙarfinsa tsawon shekaru masu zuwa…

Yudina ya zo wurin wasan kwaikwayo bayan kammala karatunsa daga Petrograd Conservatory a 1921 a cikin aji na LV Nikolaev. Bugu da kari, ta yi karatu tare da AN Esipova, VN Drozdov da FM Blumenfeld. A tsawon rayuwar Yudina, ta kasance tana da “motsi” na fasaha da kuma saurin fuskantar sabbin adabin piano. Anan, halinta ga fasahar kiɗa a matsayin mai rai, ci gaba da haɓaka tsarin ya shafa. Ba kamar yawancin ƙwararrun ƴan wasan kide-kide da aka sani ba, sha'awar Yudin ga novelties na piano bai bar shi ba ko da a cikin shekarunsa na raguwa. Ta zama dan wasa na farko a Tarayyar Soviet na ayyukan K. Shimanovsky, I. Stravinsky, S. Prokofiev, P. Hindemith, E. Ksheneck, A. Webern, B. Martin, F. Marten, V. Lutoslavsky, K. Serotsky; Ayyukanta sun haɗa da Sonata na Biyu na D. Shostakovich da B. Bartok's Sonata don Pianos Biyu da Percussion. Yudina ya sadaukar da Piano Sonata na biyu ga Yu. Shaporin. Sha'awarta ga duk wani sabon abu ba shakka. Ba ta jira sanin ya zo ga wannan ko wancan marubucin ba. Da kanta ta nufo su. Mutane da yawa, yawancin mawakan Soviet da aka samu a Yudina ba kawai fahimta ba, amma amsawar wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin jerin repertoire (ban da waɗanda aka ambata) mun sami sunayen V. Bogdanov-Berezovsky, M. Gnesin, E. Denisov, I. Dzerzhinsky, O. Evlakhov, N. Karetnikov, L. Knipper, Yu. Kochurov, A. Mosolov, N. Myaskovsky, L. Polovinkin, G. Popov, P. Ryazanov, G. Sviridov, V. Shcherbachev, Mikh. Yudin. Kamar yadda kuke gani, duka waɗanda suka kafa al'adun kiɗan mu da kuma masanan ƙarni na baya-bayan yaƙi suna wakilci. Kuma wannan jerin mawaƙa za su ƙara faɗaɗawa idan muka yi la’akari da ɗimbin kaɗe-kaɗe na ɗaki, wanda Yudina ya shagaltu da shi ba tare da ƙwazo ba.

Ma'anar gama gari - "mai watsa farfagandar kiɗan zamani" - dama, yayi kama da girman kai dangane da wannan ɗan wasan pian. Ina so in kira ta farfagandar ayyukan fasaha na kyawawan kyawawan halaye.

Mawaƙi L. Ozerov ya rubuta: “A ko da yaushe girman duniyarta ta ruhaniya, ruhaniyarta na dawwama na burge ni. Anan zata tafi piano. Kuma ga alama a gare ni, da kuma kowa da kowa: ba daga mai fasaha ba, amma daga taron mutane, daga ita, wannan taron, tunani da tunani. Yana zuwa piano don faɗi, isar da, bayyana wani abu mai mahimmanci, mai mahimmanci.

Ba don nishaɗi mai daɗi ba, masoya kiɗa sun tafi wurin wasan kwaikwayo na Yudina. Tare da masu zane-zane, dole ne su bi abubuwan da ke cikin ayyukan gargajiya tare da ido mara kyau, ko da lokacin da ya kasance game da sanannun samfurori. Don haka sake da sake gano abin da ba a sani ba a cikin wakokin Pushkin, litattafan Dostoevsky ko Tolstoy. Siffa ta wannan ma'ana ita ce lura da Ya. I. Zak: “Na tsinkayi fasaharta a matsayin magana ta mutum – girman kai, mai tsauri, ba ta da hankali. Baƙaƙe da wasan kwaikwayo, wani lokacin… ba ma siffa na rubutun aikin ba, sun kasance cikin aikin Yudina a zahiri. Ƙuntataccen ɗanɗano na gaskiya gaba ɗaya an cire ko da inuwar tunani. Akasin haka, ta jagoranci cikin zurfin fahimtar falsafar aikin, wanda ya ba da iko mai girma ga ayyukanta na Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Shostakovich. Rubuce-rubucen da suka yi fice a fili a cikin jajircewarta na kaɗe-kaɗen kaɗe-kaɗe, sun kasance na halitta kwata-kwata, ko kaɗan. Sai dai ya kebe tare da jaddada manufar akida da fasaha na aikin. Daidai irin wannan “italic” ne ya buƙaci mai sauraro ya yi amfani da ƙarfin hankali lokacin da ya fahimci fassarar Yudin na, ka ce, Bach's Goldberg Variations, Beethoven's concertos da sonatas, Schubert's impromptu, Brahms's Variations on theme by Handel… Ta fassarar Rashanci An yi wa kiɗa alama ta asali mai zurfi , kuma sama da duka "Hotuna a Nunin Nuni" na Mussorgsky.

Tare da fasahar Yudina, ko da yake a kan ƙayyadaddun ma'auni, bayanan da ta buga a yanzu ya sa a iya fahimtar juna. N. Tanaev ya rubuta a cikin Musical Life cewa "Rubutun, watakila, sun fi ilimi fiye da sauti mai rai," amma kuma suna ba da cikakken hoto game da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun . . Ba dabarar kanta ba, sautin Yudinsky na musamman tare da yawan sautin sautinsa (saurara aƙalla ga bass ɗinsa - tushe mai ƙarfi na ginin sauti duka), amma hanyoyin shawo kan harsashi na sauti, wanda ke buɗe hanyar zuwa. zurfin hoton. Pianism na Yudina koyaushe abu ne, kowace murya, kowane sauti ɗaya cikakke ne… Wani lokaci ana zargin Yudina saboda wata ɗabi'a. Don haka, alal misali, G. Neuhaus ya yi imanin cewa a cikin tunaninta na sha'awar tabbatar da kansa, ƙaƙƙarfan mutuntakar ɗan wasan pian sau da yawa ya sake yin mawallafin "cikin siffarta da kamanninta." Da alama, duk da haka (a kowane hali, dangane da aikin marigayin na pianist) cewa ba mu taɓa saduwa da zalunci na fasaha na Yudina ba a cikin ma'anar "Ina son shi haka"; wannan ba ya nan, amma akwai “kamar yadda na fahimce shi”… Wannan ba son zuciya ba ne, amma halinsa ga fasaha.