Halina Czerny-Stefańska |

Halina Czerny-Stefańska

Fiye da rabin karni ya wuce tun ranar da ta zo Tarayyar Soviet a karon farko - ta zo a matsayin daya daga cikin wadanda suka yi nasara a gasar Chopin na 1949 da ta ƙare. Na farko, a matsayin wani ɓangare na tawagar masters na Yaren mutanen Poland al'adu, sa'an nan, bayan 'yan watanni, tare da solo kide. "Ba mu san yadda Czerny-Stefanska ke buga waƙar sauran mawaƙa ba, amma a cikin wasan Chopin, ɗan wasan pian na Poland ya nuna kanta a matsayin ƙwararriyar ƙwararriyar ƙwararriyar ƙwararriyar ƙwararriyar fasaha wacce ke da kusanci da duniyar ban mamaki na babban mawaki. hotuna na musamman. Galina Czerny-Stefańska ta sami gagarumar nasara tare da masu sauraron Moscow masu bukatar. Zuwan matashin ɗan wasan piano a Tarayyar Soviet ya gabatar da mu ga wani mawaƙi mai ban mamaki, wanda a gabansa akwai babbar hanyar fasaha a buɗe.” Don haka ya rubuta mujallar "Soviet Music" sannan. Kuma lokaci ya tabbatar da wannan hasashen.

Amma 'yan mutane sun san cewa taron farko da mafi tunawa na Cherny-Stefanskaya tare da mutanen Soviet ya faru shekaru da yawa kafin na Moscow. Ya faru ne a lokacin da ya zama kamar ga mai wasan kwaikwayo na gaba cewa mafarkin da take so - don zama 'yar pian - ba zai sake zama gaskiya ba. Tun tana kuruciya komai yayi mata dadi. Har zuwa shekaru goma, mahaifinta ya jagoranci renonta - Stanislav Schwarzenberg-Cherny, farfesa a Kwalejin Conservatory na Krakow; a 1932 ta yi karatu na tsawon watanni a Paris tare da A. Cortot da kansa, sa'an nan, a 1935, ta zama almajiri na sanannen pianist Y. Turczynski a Warsaw Conservatory. Ko da a lokacin, ta taka leda a kan matakai na Poland da kuma a gaban microphones na Poland Radio. Amma sai aka fara yakin, kuma duk tsare-tsare sun ruguje.

… Shekarar nasara ta zo - 1945. Wannan shine yadda mai zane da kansa ya tuna ranar 21 ga Janairu: “Rundunar sojojin Soviet sun 'yantar da Krakow. A cikin shekarun aikin, na yi wuya in kusanci kayan aikin. Kuma a wannan maraice na so in yi wasa. Kuma na zauna a piano. Nan da nan wani ya buga. Sojan Soviet a hankali, ƙoƙarin kada ya yi hayaniya, ya ajiye bindigarsa kuma, ya zaɓi kalmominsa da wuya, ya bayyana cewa yana son sauraron wasu kiɗa. Na yi masa wasa har yamma. Ya saurara sosai…”

A wannan rana, mai zane ya yi imani da farfaɗo da mafarkinta. Gaskiya ne, akwai sauran hanya mai tsawo kafin aiwatar da shi, amma ta gudu da sauri: azuzuwan karkashin jagorancin mijinta, malami L. Stefansky, nasara a gasar ga matasa mawaƙa na Poland a 1946, shekaru na karatu a cikin aji. na 3. Drzewiecki a Warsaw Higher School of Music (na farko a sashen shirye-shiryensa). Kuma a cikin layi daya - aikin mai zane a makarantar kiɗa, wasan kwaikwayo a masana'antar Krakow, a makarantar ballet, wasa a maraice na rawa. A cikin 1947, Czerny Stefańska ya yi wasa a karon farko tare da ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Philharmonic Krakow wanda V. Berdyaev ke gudanarwa, yana wasa da Concerto na Mozart a cikin A major. Kuma a sa'an nan akwai nasara a gasar, wanda ya nuna farkon gudanar da wani tsari na kide kide, yawon shakatawa na farko a Tarayyar Soviet.

Tun daga nan, an haifi abokantaka da masu sauraron Soviet. Ta zo wurinmu kusan kowace shekara, wani lokacin har ma sau biyu a shekara - sau da yawa fiye da yawancin baƙi baƙi, kuma wannan ya riga ya shaida ƙaunar da masu sauraron Soviet ke mata. A gabanmu shine dukan hanyar fasaha na Cherny-Stefanskaya - hanyar daga matashin yarinya zuwa ga maigidan da aka sani. Idan a farkon shekaru mu zargi har yanzu nuna wasu kurakurai na artist wanda ya kasance a kan aiwatar da zama (m pathos, rashin iyawa da babban nau'i), sa'an nan a karshen 50s mun gane a cikin cancantar ta babban maigidan tare da. Rubutun hannunta na musamman, da dabara da waka, wanda ke da zurfin jin daɗi, alheri da ladabi na Poland zalla, mai iya isar da duk inuwar magana ta kida - tunani mai ban mamaki da tsananin ji, tunani na falsafa da sha'awar jarumta. Duk da haka, ba kawai mun gane ba. Ba abin mamaki ba ne babban masanin piano H.-P. Ranke (Jamus) a cikin littafinsa “Pianists Today” ya rubuta: “A Paris da Roma, a London da Berlin, a Moscow da Madrid, yanzu sunanta ya zama sunan gida.”

Mutane da yawa suna danganta sunan ɗan wasan pian na Poland da kiɗan Chopin, wanda ta ba da mafi yawan kwarin gwiwa. Z. Drzewiecki ya rubuta game da "Mawaƙin chopinist mara misaltuwa, mai baiwa da ma'anar magana mai ban sha'awa, sauti mai laushi da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, ta sami damar isar da ainihin ruhin Poland da fara rawa, kyakkyawa da bayyana gaskiyar Chopin's cantilena," Z. Drzewiecki ya rubuta game da nasa. ƙaunataccen ɗalibi. Sa’ad da aka tambaye ta ko ta ɗauki kanta ’yar Chopinist, Czerny-Stefanska da kanta ta amsa: “A’a! Kawai Chopin ne ya fi kowa wahala a cikin mawakan piano, kuma idan jama'a suna tunanin cewa ni ƙwararren Chopinist ne, to a gare ni wannan yana nufin mafi kyawun yarda. Irin wannan amincewa da jama'ar Soviet sau da yawa suka bayyana, yana bayyana ra'ayinsa, M. Teroganyan ya rubuta a cikin jaridar "Al'adun Soviet" cewa: "A cikin duniyar fasaha na piano, kamar yadda a cikin kowane fasaha, ba za a iya samun ma'auni da samfurori ba. Kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ba wanda zai zo da ra'ayin cewa ya kamata a buga Chopin kawai yadda G. Cerny-Stefanska ke buga shi. Amma ba za a iya samun ra'ayi biyu ba game da gaskiyar cewa mafi yawan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun pianist na Poland ba tare da son kai ba suna son abubuwan ƙwaƙƙwaran ɗan ƙasarsu kuma tare da wannan ƙauna a gare shi yana jan hankalin masu sauraronta masu godiya. Don tabbatar da wannan ra'ayin, bari mu koma ga bayanin wani ƙwararre, mai sukar I. Kaiser, wanda ya yarda cewa Czerny-Stefanskaya "yana da Chopin nata - mafi haske, mafi yawan mutum, cikakke fiye da na yawancin 'yan pian na Jamus, mafi 'yanci da rashin kwanciyar hankali fiye da haka. Mawakan pian na Amurka, sun fi na Faransa sulbi da ban tausayi.

Wannan tabbataccen hangen nesa na Chopin ne ya jawo mata shahara a duniya. Amma ba wai kawai ba. Masu sauraro daga ƙasashe da yawa sun sani kuma sun yaba Cerny-Stefanska a cikin mafi yawan repertoire. Haka Dzhevetsky ya gaskata cewa a cikin kiɗan mawaƙan kaɗe-kaɗe na Faransa, Rameau da Daken, alal misali, “aikinsa yana samun kyakkyawan furci da fara’a.” Abin lura ne cewa kwanan nan yana bikin cika shekaru XNUMX na bayyanarta na farko a kan mataki, mai zane ya yi wasa tare da Krakow Philharmonic tare da Chopin's Concerto a cikin E qananan, Frank's Symphonic Variations, Mozart's concertos (A manyan) da Mendelssohn's (G qananan), sau ɗaya. sake tabbatar da iyawarta. Ta taka rawar Beethoven, Schumann, Mozart, Scarlatti, Grieg. Kuma tabbas ’yan uwansu. Daga cikin ayyukan da ta yi a Moscow a lokuta daban-daban akwai wasan kwaikwayo na Szymanowski, The Great Polonaise na Zarembski, The Fantastic Krakowiak na Paderewski da dai sauransu. Abin da ya sa I. Belza ya yi daidai lokacin da ya kira ta "mafi kyawun pianist na Poland bayan "Sarauniyar Sauti" Maria Szymanowska.

Czerny-Stefanska dauki bangare a cikin juri na da yawa gasa - a Leeds, a Moscow (mai suna bayan Tchaikovsky), Long-Thibault, mai suna bayan. Chopin in Warsaw.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990