Kiɗa mai haske, kiɗan launi |

Turanci - kiɗan launi, Jamusanci. - Farblichtmusik, Faransanci. - musique des couleeur

Kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita don nuni ga nau'in fasaha. da kimiyya da fasaha. gwaje-gwaje a fagen haɗakar kiɗa da haske. Ma'anar "hangen nesa" na kiɗa ya sami ma'ana. ci gaban da ke da alaƙa da juyin halitta na kimiyyar fasaha-ve. Idan farkon theories na S. ci gaba daga amincewa da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin canza kiɗan zuwa haske, wanda aka fahimta azaman nau'in zahiri. tsari, sa'an nan a cikin m Concepts da mutum factor fara yin la'akari da wani roko ga physiological, m, sa'an nan zuwa ga ado. fannoni. Sanannen ka'idodin farko (J. Arcimboldo a Italiya, A. Kircher a Jamus kuma, sama da duka, L. B. Castel a Faransa) sun dogara ne akan sha'awar cimma "fassara" kiɗan zuwa haske mai cike da ma'ana bisa tushen misalin bakan-octave da I. Newton karkashin rinjayar cosmology, manufar "kiɗa na Spheres" (Pythagoras, I. Kepler). Waɗannan ra'ayoyin sun shahara a ƙarni na 17-19. kuma ana noma su a cikin DOS biyu. bambance-bambancen: "Kiɗa mai launi" - haɗin kiɗa ta hanyar jerin launuka da aka ƙaddara ta hanyar rashin daidaituwa na ma'auni - launi mai launi; "Kiɗa na launi" shine canjin launuka mara sauti wanda ke maye gurbin sautuna a cikin kiɗa bisa ga kwatanci iri ɗaya. Daga cikin masu goyon bayan ka'idar Castel (1688-1757) akwai mawaƙa na zamaninsa J. F. Ramuwa, G. Teleman, A. E. M. Gretry kuma daga baya masana kimiyya E. Darwin, D. I. Khmelnitsky da sauransu. Daga cikin masu sukanta akwai - masu tunani irin su D. Diderot, J. da Alembert, J. J. Rousseau, Voltaire, G. E. Kadan, masu fasaha W. Hogarth, P. Gonzago, J. V. Goethe, J. Buffon, G Helmholtz, wanda ya nuna rashin tushe na kai tsaye canja wurin dokokin kiɗa (ji) zuwa fagen hangen nesa. An ƙaddamar da bincike mai mahimmanci na ra'ayoyin Castel a cikin 1742 na musamman. taron na Rasha Academy of Sciences. Tuni farkon “gabobin haske” (B. Bishop, A. Rimington), wanda ya bayyana bayan ƙirƙirar lantarki. kafofin haske, sun gamsu da idanunsu cewa masu sukar Castel sun yi gaskiya. Amma rashin faffadan aikin haske da haɗin kiɗa ya ba da gudummawa ga maimaita gwaje-gwaje don kafa kwatankwacin tsakanin ma'auni da jerin launi (F. I. Yuryev; D. Kellogg a Amurka, K. Löf a Jamus). Waɗannan ra'ayoyin injiniyoyi ba su da kyan gani a cikin abun ciki da asali-falsafanci. Binciken ka'idodin haske-kiɗa. kira, to-rye zai tabbatar da nasarar haɗin kai na kiɗa da haske, da farko an haɗa su da fahimtar haɗin kai (jituwa) kawai a matsayin ontological. Kategorien. Wannan ya ciyar da imani ga wajibi da yiwuwar "fassarar kiɗa a cikin launi", sha'awar fahimtar ka'idodin da aka ambata a matsayin kimiyyar halitta. dokokin. Rashin komawar Castellianism yana wakilta ta ƙoƙarin wasu masana kimiyya da injiniyoyi don cimma "fassarar" kiɗa a cikin duniya tare da taimakon sarrafa kansa da kuma cybernetics bisa ƙarin hadaddun, amma har ma da algorithms marasa ma'ana (misali, gwaje-gwajen). da K. L. Leontiev da dakin gwaje-gwaje na launi music Leningrad A. S.

A cikin karni na 20th na farko da haske da kide-kide ya bayyana, halittar abin da ya dace da ainihin kayan ado. bukatun. Da farko, wannan shi ne ra'ayin "haske symphony" a cikin AN Scriabin's "Prometheus" (1910), a cikin ci karo na farko a duniya music. aikin da mawakin da kansa ya gabatar na musamman. kirtani "Luce" (haske), da aka rubuta a cikin bayanan da aka saba don kayan aiki "tastiera per luce" ("clavier haske"). Bangaren haske mai kashi biyu shine launi “gani” na tsarin tonal na aikin. Ɗaya daga cikin muryoyin, wayar hannu, tana bin sauye-sauye cikin jituwa (mawallafin ya fassara shi azaman canje-canje a maɓallai). Sauran, mara aiki, da alama yana gyara maɓallan tunani kuma ya ƙunshi bayanin kula guda bakwai kawai, yana bin ma'aunin sautin duka daga Fis zuwa Fis, yana kwatanta shirin falsafa na "Prometheus" a cikin alamar launi (ci gaban "ruhu" da "al'amari"). ). Babu alamun abin da launuka suka dace da bayanan kiɗa a cikin "Luce". Duk da bambance-bambancen kimantawa na wannan kwarewa, tun 1915 "Prometheus" an yi ta akai-akai tare da rakiyar haske.

Daga cikin ayyukan wasu shahararrun mawaƙa akwai Schoenberg's Lucky Hand (1913), VV Shcherbachev's Nonet (1919), Stravinsky's Black Concerto (1946), Y. Xenakis' Polytope (1967), Poetoria Shchedrin (1968), "Preliminary Action" (based). akan zanen AN Skryabin, AP Nemtin, 1972). Duk waɗannan fasahohin. gwaje-gwaje, kamar Scriabin's "Prometheus", an haɗa su da roko zuwa jin launi, tare da fahimtar haɗin kai na sauti da haske, ko kuma a maimakon haka, ana iya ji da bayyane a matsayin tunanin mutum. sabon abu. Yana da alaƙa da wayar da kan al'amuran al'ada. yanayin wannan sabon abu, wani hali ya taso don cimma haɗin kai na alama a cikin haɗin kai na haske-kiɗa, wanda ya zama dole don amfani da fasaha na polyphony na gani-na gani (Skryabin a cikin tsare-tsarensa na "Preliminary Action" da "Mystery". ”, LL Sabaneev, VV Kandinsky, SM Eisenstein, BM Galeev, Yu. A. Pravdyuk da sauransu); kawai bayan haka ya zama mai yiwuwa a yi magana game da kiɗa mai haske a matsayin fasaha, kodayake 'yancin kai yana da matsala ga wasu masu bincike (KD Balmont, VV Vanslov, F. Popper).

An gudanar da gwaje-gwajen karni na 20 tare da "zanen haske mai tsauri" (GI Gidoni, VD Baranov-Rossine, Z. Peshanek, F. Malina, SM Zorin), "cikakken cinema" (G. Richter, O. Fischinger, N. McLaren) , "Choreography na kayan aiki" (F. Boehme, O. Pine, N. Schaeffer) tilasta kulawa da takamaiman. fasalulluka na amfani da kayan gani a cikin S., sabon abu kuma sau da yawa sau da yawa ba za a iya amfani da su ba. assimilation ta mawaƙa (ch. arr. tare da rikitarwa na tsarin sararin samaniya na haske). S. yana da alaƙa da hadisai masu alaƙa. da'awar ku. Tare da sauti, yana amfani da kayan launi mai haske (haɗi tare da zane), an tsara shi daidai da dokokin muses. dabaru da kiɗa. siffofin (haɗi tare da kiɗa), haɗa kai tsaye tare da "intonations" na motsi na abubuwa na halitta kuma, sama da duka, motsin mutum (haɗi tare da choreography). Ana iya haɓaka wannan kayan kyauta tare da shigar da damar yin gyare-gyare, canza girman shirin, kusurwa, da sauransu (haɗi tare da cinema). Rarraba S. don konts. aiki, sake bugawa tare da taimakon kiɗa. da kayan aikin wuta; fina-finan haske da kiɗa da aka yi tare da taimakon fasahar fim; haske ta atomatik da shigarwar kiɗa don dalilai masu amfani, na cikin tsarin siffa na kayan ado da ƙira. kara.

A duk waɗannan fagage, tun daga farko. Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwajen karni na 20. Daga cikin ayyukan kafin yakin - gwaje-gwaje na LL Sabaneev, GM Rimsky-Korsakov, LS Termen, PP Kondratsky - a cikin USSR; A. Klein, T. Wilfred, A. Laszlo, F. Bentham - waje. A cikin 60-70s. Ƙarni na 20 ya zama sanannen wuraren kide-kide na haske na ofishin zane "Prometheus" a Cibiyar Harkokin Jirgin Sama ta Kazan. a cikin waɗannan dakunan dakunan kiɗa na haske a Kharkov da Moscow. Gidan kayan tarihi na AN Scriabin, wasan kwaikwayo na fim. zauren "Oktoba" a Leningrad, "Rasha" a Moscow - a cikin Tarayyar Soviet; Amer. "Ƙungiyar Kiɗa Haske" a New York, intl. Philips, da dai sauransu - waje. Kewayon hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don wannan sun haɗa da sabuwar fasaha. nasarori har zuwa lasers da kwamfutoci. Bayan fina-finai na gwaji "Prometheus" da "Motsi na dindindin" ( ofishin zane "Prometheus"), "Kiɗa da launi" (Kyiv film studio mai suna bayan AP Dovzhenko), "Space - Duniya - Space" ("Mosfilm") fara fitowar haske. - fina-finai na kiɗa don rarraba (Little Triptych zuwa kiɗa ta GV Sviridov, Kazan Film Studio, 1975; fina-finai Horizontal Line na N. McLaren da Optical Poem by O. Fischinger - a waje). Abubuwan S. ana amfani da su sosai a cikin kiɗa. t-re, a cikin fitattun fina-finai. Ana amfani da su a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo irin su "Sauti da Haske", wanda aka gudanar ba tare da halartar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo a sararin samaniya ba. Serial samar da kayan ado haske da kuma music shigarwa na ciki zane ana ci gaba da yadu. A murabba'ai da wuraren shakatawa na Yerevan, Batumi, Kirov, Sochi, Krivoy Rog, Dnepropetrovsk, Moscow an yi wa ado da haske da kuma maɓuɓɓugar kiɗa "rawa" zuwa music. Matsalar haske da haɗin kiɗan sadaukarwa. gwani. ilimin kimiyya. Mafi yawan wakilan su ne "Farbe-Ton-Forschungen" majalisa a Jamus (1927 da kuma 1930) da All-Union taro "Haske da Music" a cikin USSR (1967, 1969, 1975).

References: Jawabin da aka karanta a cikin tarin jama'a na Kwalejin Kimiyya na Imperial a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 1742, St. Petersburg, 1744; Sabaneev L., Skryabin, M.-Pg., 1917; Rimsky-Korsakov GM, Ƙaddamar da layin haske na Scriabin's "Prometheus", a cikin tarin: Vremennik na Sashen Ka'idar da Tarihin Kiɗa na Jihar. Cibiyar Tarihin Fasaha, vol. 1923, L., 2; Gidoni GI, Fasahar Haske da Launi, L., 1926; Leontiev K., Kiɗa da launi, M., 1930; nasa, Launi na Prometheus, M., 1961; Galeev B., Scriabin da kuma ci gaban ra'ayin m music, a cikin: Music da Modernity, vol. 1965, M., 6; nasa, Gwaje-gwajen fasaha da fasaha na SLE "Prometheus", Kazan, 1969; nasa, Hasken kiɗa: samuwar da jigon sabon fasaha, Kazan, 1974; Taron "Haske da Kiɗa" (abstracts da annotations), Kazan, 1976; Rags Yu., Nazaikinsky E., A kan damar fasaha na haɗakar kiɗa da launi, a cikin: Kiɗa da Kimiyya, vol. 1969, M., 1; Yuryev FI, Kiɗa na Haske, K., 1970; Vanechkina IL, A kan ra'ayoyin kiɗan haske na AN Scriabin, a cikin: Tambayoyin tarihi, ka'idar kiɗa da ilimin kiɗa, Sat. 1971, Kazan, 2; nata, Sashe na “Luce” a matsayin maɓalli ga jigon ƙarshen Scriabin, “SM”, 1972, No 1977; Galeev BM, Andreev SA, Ka'idodin ƙirar haske da na'urorin kiɗa, M., 4; Dzyubenko AG, Kiɗa mai launi, M., 1973; Fasahar sauti mai haske. Sat. Art., Kazan, 1973; Kayan aiki na makarantar ɗaliban matasa a kan matsalar "Haske da Kiɗa". (Taro na uku), Kazan, 1973; Vanslov VV, Kayayyakin fasaha da kiɗa. Makala, L., 1975.

BM Galeev