Tsarin Chromatic |
Tsarin chromatic - tsarin matakai goma sha biyu, tsawaita tonality, - tsarin jituwa na tonal wanda ke ba da damar, a cikin wani nau'i na nau'i na kowane tsari akan kowane matakai goma sha biyu na sikelin chromatic.
Musamman don X. tare da. matakai ne waɗanda ba a haɗa su a cikin tsarin diatonic ko manyan-kananan tsarin (duba Diatonic, Manyan-ƙananan) kuma ba su dace da tsarin ƙasa ba (bangare) a cikinsu; a cikin misalin an yi musu alama da baƙar rubutu:
Misalin aikace-aikacen jituwa daga X. tare da:
SS Prokofiev. "Betrothal in a Monastery" ("Duenna"), scene 1. (Chord X. s. n II aiki ya maye gurbin DV a nan bisa ga ka'idar musanya tritone.)
Harmony X. s. suna da haske mai girma da haskaka sauti. Akwai nau'in asali guda biyu X. c. - tare da adana tushen tsarin mono-mode (chromatic manyan ko ƙananan chromatic; a cikin ayyukan SS Prokofiev) kuma tare da ƙin yarda da shi (tonality chromatic ba tare da ƙayyade yanayin ba; ta P. Hindemith). Ana amfani da tsarin nau'ikan nau'ikan biyu tare da cibiyar a cikin nau'in mai haɗawa. consonance (duba misali a sama; da fugue a cikin C daga Ludus tonalis na Hindemith), kuma tare da rashin fahimta. cibiyar (babban jigon "Babban Tsarkakkun rawa" daga "The Rite of Spring" na IF Stravinsky; babban jigo na kashi na 2 na "Lyrical Suite" na Berg). Dep. bayyanar X. tare da. riga samu a cikin music na 19th karni. (AP Borodin, rufe cadence na "Polovtsian Dances" daga opera "Prince Igor": HV-I), amma shi ne mafi hali na tonal music na karni na 20. (DD Shostakovich, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, AI Khachaturyan, TN Khrennikov, DB Kabalevsky, RK Shchedrin, A. Ya. Eshpay, RS Ledenev, B Bartok, A. Schoenberg, A. Webern da sauransu).
A cikin ilimin kimiyyar kiɗan ra'ayin X. tare da. SI Taneev (1880, 1909) da BL Yavorsky (1908) suka gabatar. Schoenberg (1911) yayi amfani da kalmar "Tonality chromatic". Fassarar zamani X. s. VM Belyaev (1930). Dalla-dalla ka'idar X. tare da. ci gaba a cikin 60s. karni na 20 (M. Skorik, SM Slonimsky, ME Tarakanov, da dai sauransu).
References: Taneev SI, Wasika zuwa PI Tchaikovsky mai kwanan wata Agusta 6, 1880, a cikin littafin: PI Tchaikovsky - SI Taneev, Haruffa, (M.), 1951; nasa, Movable counterpoint of tsauraran rubuce-rubuce, Leipzig, 1909, M., 1959; Yavorsky B., Tsarin magana na kiɗa, sashi na 1, M., 1908; Catuar GL, Tsarin jituwa na ka'idar, sassa 1-2, M., 1924-1925; Belyaev VM, "Boris Godunov" na Mussorgsky. Kwarewar nazarin jigo da ka'idoji, a cikin littafin: Mussorgsky, Labarai da bincike, vol. 1, M., 1930; Ogolevets AS, Gabatarwa ga tunanin kiɗan zamani, M.-L., 1946; Skorik MM, Prokofiev da Schoenberg, "SM", 1962, No 1; nasa, Ladovaya tsarin S. Prokofiev, K., 1969; Slonimsky SM, Prokofiev's Symphonies. Kwarewar bincike, M.-L., 1964; Tiftikidi N., Tsarin Chromatic, “Kwayoyin Kiɗa”, vol. 3, Alma-Ata, 1967; Tarakanov ME, Salon wasan kwaikwayo na Prokofiev, M., 1968; Schoenberg A., Harmonielehre, W., 1911; Hindemith P., Unterweisung im Tonsatz, Bd 1, Mainz, 1937; Kohoutek S., Novodobé skladebné smery v hudbe, Praha, 1965 (Fassarar Rashanci - Kohoutek Ts., Fasahar Haɗa a cikin kiɗa na 1976th karni, M., XNUMX).
Yu. N. Kholopov
