Karlheinz Stockhausen |

Karlheinz Stockhausen

Mawaƙin Jamusanci, masanin ilimin kida da tunani, ɗaya daga cikin manyan wakilai na avant-garde na kiɗan bayan yaƙi. An haife shi a shekara ta 1928 a garin Medrat kusa da Cologne. A 1947-51 ya yi karatu a Cologne Higher School of Music. Ya fara tsarawa a cikin 1950 kuma ya zama ɗan takara mai himma a cikin Darmstadt International Summer Courses for New Music (inda daga baya ya koyar da shekaru da yawa). A cikin 1952-53 ya yi karatu a Paris tare da Messiaen kuma ya yi aiki a cikin Studio "Kinkirin Kiɗa" na Pierre Schaeffer. A shekara ta 1953, ya fara aiki a gidan rediyon Jamus ta Yamma na Electronic Music Studio a Cologne (daga baya ya jagoranci ta daga 1963-73). A cikin 1954-59 ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu gyara mujallar kiɗan "Row" (Die Reihe), wanda aka sadaukar don al'amurran kiɗa na zamani. A cikin 1963 ya kafa Cologne Courses for New Music kuma har zuwa 1968 ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha. A cikin 1970-77 ya kasance farfesa na abun da ke ciki a Makarantar Kiɗa ta Cologne.

A cikin 1969 ya kafa nasa "Gidan Bugawa na Stockhausen" (Stockhausen Verlag), inda ya buga duk sabbin maki, da littattafai, bayanai, littattafai, kasidu da shirye-shirye. A bikin baje kolin Osaka na shekarar 1970, inda Stockhausen ya wakilci Jamus ta Yamma, an gina wani rumfa na musamman mai siffar ball don aikin Expo electro-acoustic. Tun daga shekarun 1970s, ya jagoranci rayuwa mai ma'ana wacce ke kewaye da dangi da mawakan da suka dace a garin Kürten. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai yin nasa abubuwan da suka tsara - duka tare da kade-kade na kade-kade da kuma kungiyar "iyali" nasa. Ya rubuta kuma ya buga kasidu akan kiɗa, waɗanda aka tattara a ƙarƙashin taken gabaɗaya "Rubutu" (a cikin kundin 10). Tun daga 1998, ana gudanar da darussan kasa da kasa a cikin Haɗawa da Fassarar Kiɗa na Stockhausen kowane lokacin rani a Kürten. Mawaƙin ya rasu a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 2007 a Kürten. Sunan daya daga cikin dandalin birnin sunansa.

Stockhausen ya bi ta da yawa a cikin aikinsa. A farkon 1950s, ya juya zuwa serialism da pointilism. Tun daga tsakiyar 1950s - zuwa kiɗan lantarki da "sarari". Ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorin da ya samu na wannan lokacin shine "Ƙungiyoyi" (1957) don ƙungiyoyin kade-kade uku. Sa'an nan ya fara inganta "nau'i na lokuta" (Momentform) - wani nau'i na "bude nau'i" (wanda Boulez ya kira aleatoric). Idan a cikin 1950s - farkon 1960s Stockhausen aikinsa ya bunkasa cikin ruhun ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha na wannan zamanin, to tun tsakiyar shekarun 1960 yana canzawa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar tunanin esoteric. Mawaƙin ya ba da kansa ga kiɗan "da hankali" da "duniya", inda yake ƙoƙari ya haɗa ka'idodin kiɗa da ruhaniya. Shirye-shiryensa masu cin lokaci sun haɗu da kaddarorin al'ada da aiki, kuma "Mantra" na pianos guda biyu (1970) an gina shi akan ka'idar "ƙirar duniya".

Zagayen opera mai girma “Haske. Kwanaki bakwai na mako" akan makircin alamar-cosmogonic, wanda marubucin ya ƙirƙira daga 1977 zuwa 2003. Jimlar tsawon lokacin zagayowar wasan kwaikwayo bakwai (kowanne tare da sunayen kowace rana na mako - yana nufin mu ga hoton na kwanaki bakwai na Halitta) yana ɗaukar kusan sa'o'i 30 kuma ya wuce Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen. Aikin na ƙarshe, wanda ba a gama ba na Stockhausen shine “Sound. 24 hours na yini "(2004-07) - 24 qagaggun, kowane daga cikinsu dole ne a yi a daya daga cikin 24 hours na yini. Wani nau'i mai mahimmanci na Stockhausen shine kayan haɗin piano, wanda ya kira "piano guda" (Klavierstücke). 19 yana aiki a ƙarƙashin wannan taken, wanda aka ƙirƙira daga 1952 zuwa 2003, yana nuna duk mahimman lokutan aikin mawaƙa.

A 1974, Stockhausen ya zama kwamandan Order of Merit na Tarayyar Jamus, sa'an nan kuma kwamandan da Order of Arts da haruffa (Faransa, 1985), laureate na Ernst von Siemens Music Prize (1986), girmamawa likita. Jami'ar Free University of Berlin (1996), memba na yawan makarantun kasashen waje. A cikin 1990, Stockhausen ya zo Tarayyar Soviet tare da mawakansa da kayan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin kiɗa na ranar tunawa don cika shekaru 40 na FRG.

Source: meloman.ru