Karl Böhm |
Karl Boehm
Kimanin rabin karni, ayyukan fasaha masu yawa da ɗimbin ɗimbin yawa na Karl Böhm ya daɗe, wanda ya kawo shaharar mai zane a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jagora a Turai. Babban ilimi, faffadan basirar kere-kere, ƙwararrun fasaha Boehm tsawon shekaru suna samun ƙarin masu sha'awar duk inda mai zane zai yi, inda suke sayar da bayanan da mafi kyawun makaɗa a duniya suka rubuta a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa.
"Mai gudanarwa Karl Böhm, wanda Richard Strauss ya mika masa al'adun fasaha bayan karshen yakin, mutum ne na gaske a dandalin wasan opera da kide kide. Ƙwaƙwalwar kiɗan sa mai ɗorewa, mai ƙwaƙƙwarar hankali mai ƙwazo da manyan iyawar koyarwa, yana da ikon samun mafi girman nasarorin fassara. Iska mai daɗi da ke ɗauke da duk wani aiki na yau da kullun tana mamaye kiɗan sa. Motsin motsin Boehm, wanda aka tsara akan Strauss da Mook, suna da sauƙi da kuma tattalin arziki. Ƙwararren Ƙwararru da ƙwarewa, wanda ya ci gaba a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ya ba shi damar shirya irin wannan wasan kwaikwayon a karatun da ya dace da tunaninsa game da abun ciki da sauti na ayyukan," in ji masanin kida na Jamus H. Ludike.
Farkon aikin Boehm a matsayin jagora ya ɗan bambanta. Yayin da yake karatun lauya a Jami'ar Vienna, ya fi nuna sha'awar kiɗa fiye da shari'a, ko da yake daga baya ya kare digirinsa na digiri. Bohm ya zauna cikin ƙwazo na sa'o'i da yawa a rehearsats na The Cavalier na Roses, wanda ya bar a bayyane alama a kan tunawa, ya dauki darussa daga Brahms abokin E. Mandishevsky da kuma daga K. Muk, wanda ya umurce shi a kan hanya. Bayan haka, Böhm ya yi shekaru da yawa a aikin soja. Kuma kawai a shekarar 1917, bayan demobilization, ya gudanar ya samu wani wuri a matsayin mataimakin shugaba, sa'an nan na biyu madugu a cikin birnin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Graz, mahaifarsa. A nan a cikin 1921 Bruno Walter ya lura da shi kuma ya dauke shi a matsayin mataimakinsa zuwa Munich, inda matashin jagoran ya shafe shekaru shida masu zuwa. Haɗin kai tare da maigidan mai ban mamaki ya maye gurbinsa da ɗakin ajiya, kuma ƙwarewar da aka samu ya ba shi damar zama jagora da daraktan kiɗa na gidan opera a Darmstadt. Tun daga 1931, Böhm ya dade yana jagorantar daya daga cikin mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo a Jamus - Hamburg Opera, kuma a 1934 ya maye gurbin F. Bush a Dresden.
Tuni a wancan lokacin, Boehm ya sami suna a matsayin gwani da kuma kyakkyawan fassarar wasan kwaikwayo na Mozart da Wagner, wasan kwaikwayo na Bruckner da kuma, fiye da duka, aikin R. Strauss, wanda abokinsa da farfaganda mai sha'awar ya zama. Wasan kwaikwayo na Strauss The Silent Woman da Daphne an yi su ne a karon farko a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, kuma marubucin ya sadaukar da wannan ga K. Böhm. Mafi kyawun fasalulluka na hazaka na mai zane - ma'anar tsari mara kyau, ikon iya daidaitawa da dabara daidai gwargwado, ma'auni na ra'ayi da wahayin wasan kwaikwayon - an bayyana su musamman a cikin fassarar kiɗan Strauss.
Böhm ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da ƙungiyar Dresden a cikin shekarun bayan yaƙi. Amma cibiyar ayyukansa tun 1942 ita ce Vienna. Sau biyu a cikin 1943-1945 da 1954-1956 ya jagoranci cibiyar Opera ta Vienna, ya jagoranci bikin da aka sadaukar domin bude ginin da aka maido. Sauran lokacin, Böhm yana gudanar da kide kide da wake-wake a kai a kai a nan. Tare da wannan, ana iya gani a kusan dukkanin manyan cibiyoyin duniya; ya yi a Berlin, Salzburg, Prague, Naples, New York, Buenos Aires (inda ya jagoranci gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Colon na shekaru da yawa) da sauran garuruwa.
Ko da yake fassarar ayyukan Strauss ne, da kuma na gargajiya na Viennese da Wagner, da farko ya kawo farin jini na Boehm, tarihin halittar mai zane ya ƙunshi nasarori masu haske da yawa a waje da wannan yanki. Musamman operas da yawa na marubutan zamani, irin su R. Wagner-Regeni da G. Zoetermeister, suna bashi bashi don samarwa na farko. Böhm yana ɗaya daga cikin ƴan wasan opera Wozzeck na A. Berg.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969
