Jean Martinon (Martinon, Jean) |
Martin, Jean
Sunan wannan mai zane ya jawo hankalin kowa kawai a farkon shekarun sittin, lokacin da ya jagoranci daya daga cikin mafi kyawun makada a duniya - Symphony na Chicago, ya zama magajin marigayi Fritz Reiner. Duk da haka, Martinon, wanda a wannan lokacin yana da shekaru hamsin, ya riga ya sami gogewa a matsayin jagora, kuma hakan ya taimaka masa ya tabbatar da amincewa da aka ba shi. Yanzu da kyau an kira shi a cikin ja-gorancin shugabannin zamaninmu.
Martinon Bafaranshe ne ta haihuwa, ƙuruciyarsa da ƙuruciyarsa sun kasance a Lyon. Sa'an nan ya sauke karatu daga Paris Conservatory - da farko a matsayin violinist (a 1928), sa'an nan a matsayin mawaki (a cikin aji na A. Roussel). Kafin yakin, Martinon ya fi tsunduma a cikin abun da ke ciki, kuma a Bugu da kari, don samun kudi daga shekaru goma sha bakwai, ya buga violin a cikin kade-kade. A cikin shekarun mulkin Nazi, mawaƙin ya kasance mai shiga tsakani a cikin gwagwarmayar Resistance, ya shafe kimanin shekaru biyu a cikin kurkuku na Nazi.
Aikin gudanar da Martinon ya fara kusan kwatsam, nan da nan bayan yakin. Wani sanannen maestro na Paris ya taɓa haɗa Symphony ɗinsa na Farko a cikin shirin kide-kiden nasa. Amma sai ya yanke shawarar cewa ba zai sami lokacin koyan aikin ba, kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa marubucin ya gudanar da kansa. Ya yarda, ba tare da jinkiri ba, amma ya jimre aikinsa da kyau. An shiga gayyata daga ko'ina. Martinon yana gudanar da ƙungiyar mawaƙa na Conservatory na Paris, a 1946 ya riga ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar mawaƙa a Bordeaux. Sunan mai zane yana samun shahara a Faransa har ma da iyakokinta. Sai Martinon ya yanke shawarar cewa ilimin da aka samu bai ishe shi ba, kuma ya inganta a karkashin jagorancin fitattun mawakan kamar R. Desormieres da C. Munsch. A 1950 ya zama m shugaba, kuma a 1954 darektan na Lamoureux Concertos a Paris, kuma ya fara yawon bude ido kasashen waje. Kafin a gayyace shi zuwa Amurka, shi ne shugaban kungiyar kade-kade ta Düsseldorf. Kuma duk da haka Chicago ta kasance ainihin juyi a cikin hanyar kirkira ta Jean Martinon.
A cikin sabon sakonsa, mai zanen bai nuna gazawar repertoire ba, wanda yawancin masoyan kiɗa suka ji tsoro. Ya yarda ya yi ba kawai kiɗan Faransanci ba, har ma da mawaƙa na Viennese - daga Mozart da Haydn zuwa Mahler da Bruckner da na Rasha. Ilimi mai zurfi game da sabbin hanyoyin magana (Martinon baya barin abun da ke ciki) da kuma yanayin zamani a cikin kerawa na kiɗa yana bawa mai gudanarwa damar haɗa sabbin abubuwan ƙira a cikin shirye-shiryensa. Duk wannan ya kai ga gaskiyar cewa a shekarar 1962 da American mujallar Musical America tare da wani nazari na madugu ta kide tare da kanun labarai: "Viva Martinon", da kuma aikinsa a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Orchestra na Chicago samu wani m kima. Martinon a cikin 'yan shekarun nan baya barin ayyukan yawon shakatawa; Ya halarci bukukuwan kasa da kasa da yawa, ciki har da lokacin bazara na Prague a 1962.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969
