Igor Borisovich Markevich |

Igor Markevtch

Mawallafin Faransanci da mawaki na asalin Rasha. "Ba shi yiwuwa a yi wasa fiye da yadda marubucin ya rubuta" - irin wannan shine ma'anar Igor Markevich, jagoran da malami, wanda mawakan Soviet da masu son kiɗa suka san su sosai. Wannan ya ba da kuma ci gaba da ba wa wasu masu sauraro dalilin zargi Markevich saboda rashin fahimtar mutumtakarsa, saboda rashin asali a kan mataki, don wuce gona da iri. Amma a daya bangaren, da yawa a cikin fasaharsa na nuna halayen da suka shafi ci gaban fasahar wasan kwaikwayo na zamaninmu. G. Neuhaus ya lura da hakan daidai, wanda ya rubuta: “A ganina yana cikin irin wannan madugu na zamani wanda aikin da masu yinsa, wato, ƙungiyar makaɗa da makaɗa, suka fi kansa muhimmanci, cewa yana da muhimmanci sosai fiye da kansa. da farko bawan fasaha ne, ba mai mulki ba, kama-karya. Wannan dabi'a ta zamani ce. Lokacin da titan na fasahar madugu na baya, daga mahangar ilimi mai haske ("dole ne a fara aiwatar da shi daidai"), wani lokaci suna ba wa kansu 'yanci - ba tare da bata lokaci ba suna ƙarƙashin mawaƙin ga nufin su na ƙirƙira - wancan lokacin. Ya tafi… Don haka, na ba Markevich matsayi a cikin waɗancan masu yin wasan kwaikwayon waɗanda ba sa son nuna kansu, amma suna ɗaukar kansu kamar “na farko tsakanin masu daidaitawa” a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa. Rungumar ruhaniya da yawa - kuma Markevich tabbas ya san wannan fasaha - koyaushe hujja ce ta babban al'adu, baiwa da hankali.

Sau da yawa a cikin shekarun 60s, mai zane-zane ya yi a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, yana tabbatar da mu game da versatility da duniya na fasaharsa. "Markevich ƙwararren mai fasaha ne na musamman. Mun saurari shirin kide-kide fiye da guda daya da ya yi, amma duk da haka zai yi wuya a iya tantance irin tausayawar da jagoran ya yi. Lalle ne: wane zamani, wanda salonsa ya fi kusa da mai zane? Viennese classics ko romantics, Faransa impressionists ko na zamani music? Amsa waɗannan tambayoyin ba shi da sauƙi. Ya bayyana a gabanmu a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun fassarar Beethoven shekaru da yawa, ya bar ra'ayi maras gogewa tare da fassarar Brahms' Symphony na huɗu, cike da sha'awa da bala'i. Kuma za a manta da fassararsa na Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring, inda duk abin da ya zama kamar ya cika da ruwan 'ya'yan itace masu ba da rai na yanayin tadawa, inda ƙarfin farko da tashin hankali na raye-raye na al'ada na arna suka bayyana a cikin duk kyawun daji? A cikin wata kalma, Markevich shine mawaƙin da ba kasafai ba wanda ke kusantar kowane maki kamar dai shi ne abin da ya fi so, ya sanya ransa duka, da duk basirarsa a ciki. " Wannan shi ne yadda mai sukar V. Timokhin ya bayyana hoton Markevich.

Markevich an haife shi a Kyiv a cikin dangin Rasha da ke da alaƙa da kiɗa don tsararraki. Kakanninsa abokai ne na Glinka, kuma babban mawaki ya taba yin aiki a gidansu a kan mataki na biyu na Ivan Susanin. Hakika, daga baya, bayan da iyali ya koma Paris a 1914, kuma daga can zuwa Switzerland, da nan gaba mawaki aka kawo a cikin ruhun sha'awa ga al'adun mahaifarsa.

Bayan ’yan shekaru, mahaifinsa ya rasu, kuma iyalin suna cikin mawuyacin hali na kuɗi. Mahaifiyar ba ta da damar ba da ɗanta, wanda ya nuna basira da wuri, ilimin kiɗa. Amma babban ɗan wasan piano Alfred Cortot da gangan ya ji ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙinsa na farko kuma ya taimaka wa mahaifiyarsa aika Igor zuwa Paris, inda ya zama malamin piano. Markevich karatu abun da ke ciki tare da Nadia Boulanger. Sa'an nan kuma ya jawo hankalin Diaghilev, wanda ya ba shi ayyuka da dama, ciki har da wasan kwaikwayo na piano, wanda aka yi a 1929.

Sai kawai a cikin 1933, bayan daukar darussa da yawa daga Herman Scherchen, Markevich ƙarshe ya yanke shawarar kiransa a matsayin jagora akan shawararsa: kafin wannan, ya gudanar da ayyukansa kawai. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ya ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo tare da kide-kide kuma cikin sauri ya shiga cikin manyan masu gudanarwa a duniya. A cikin shekarun yaki, mai zane ya bar aikin da ya fi so don shiga cikin yaki da fasikanci a cikin matsayi na Faransanci da Italiyanci Resistance. A lokacin bayan yakin, ayyukansa na kirkire-kirkire sun kai kololuwa. Yana jagorantar manyan makada a Ingila, Kanada, Jamus, Switzerland da musamman Faransa, inda yake aiki akai-akai.

Kwanan nan, Markevich ya fara aikin koyarwa, yana gudanar da darussa daban-daban da tarurruka ga matasa masu jagoranci; a 1963 ya jagoranci irin wannan taron karawa juna sani a Moscow. A shekara ta 1960, gwamnatin Faransa ta ba Markevich, shugaban kungiyar kade-kade ta Lamoureux, lakabin "Kwamandan Tsarin Arts da Wasika". Don haka ya zama dan wasan kwaikwayo na farko wanda ba Bafaranshe ba wanda ya sami wannan lambar yabo; Ita kuma ta zama daya daga cikin lambobin yabo da dama da aka baiwa mawakin mara gajiyawa.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969