Ta yaya violin ke aiki? Nawa kirtani yake dashi? Da sauran abubuwan ban sha'awa game da violin…

Tabbas, kowa ya san violin. Mafi gyare-gyare da ƙwarewa a tsakanin kayan kirtani, violin wata hanya ce ta isar da motsin zuciyar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ga mai sauraro. Duk da yake wani lokacin ta kasance cikin duhu, rashin kamewa har ma da rashin kunya, ta kasance mai taushi da rauni, kyakkyawa da son rai.

Mun shirya muku wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da wannan kayan kida na sihiri. Za ku koyi yadda violin ke aiki, kirtani nawa yake da shi, da kuma ayyukan da mawaƙa suka rubuta don violin.

Ta yaya violin ke aiki?

Tsarinsa yana da sauƙi: jiki, wuyansa da kirtani. Na'urorin haɗi na kayan aiki sun bambanta sosai a cikin manufarsu da mahimmancinsu. Alal misali, bai kamata mutum ya yi watsi da baka ba, godiya ga abin da ake fitar da sauti daga igiyoyi, ko chinrest da gada, wanda ya ba da damar mai yin wasan ya sanya kayan aiki mafi dacewa a kafadar hagu.

Har ila yau, akwai na'urorin haɗi kamar na'ura, wanda ke ba da damar violin don gyara gyaran gyare-gyaren da ya canza don kowane dalili ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, sabanin yin amfani da masu riƙe da igiya - pegs, wanda ya fi wuya a yi aiki da su.

Akwai kirtani huɗu kawai da kansu, koyaushe suna sauraron rubutu iri ɗaya - E, A, D da G. Menene igiyoyin violin da aka yi da su? Daga kayan daban-daban - za su iya zama jijiya, siliki ko karfe.

Kirtani ta farko a hannun dama tana sauraron E na octave ta biyu kuma ita ce mafi sirara a cikin duk kirtani da aka gabatar. Kirtani na biyu, tare da na uku, "bayyana" bayanin kula "A" da "D", bi da bi. Suna da matsakaici, kusan kauri iri ɗaya. Duk bayanan kula suna cikin octave na farko. Ƙarshe, mafi kauri da kirtani bassiest shine kirtani na huɗu, wanda aka kunna zuwa bayanin kula "G" na ƙaramin octave.

Kowane kirtani yana da nasa katako - daga huda ("E") zuwa kauri ("Sol"). Wannan shi ne abin da ke ba mai violin damar isar da motsin zuciyarmu cikin basira. Har ila yau, sautin ya dogara da baka - reshen kanta da gashin da aka shimfiɗa a kan shi.

Wadanne nau'ikan violin ne akwai?

Amsar wannan tambaya na iya zama m da kuma bambance-bambancen, amma za mu amsa quite sauki: akwai mafi saba katako violins a gare mu - abin da ake kira acoustic, da kuma lantarki violins. Ƙarshen suna aiki akan wutar lantarki, kuma ana jin sautin su godiya ga abin da ake kira "speaker" tare da amplifier - haɗuwa. Babu shakka cewa waɗannan kayan aikin an tsara su daban, kodayake suna iya kama da kamanni iri ɗaya. Dabarar kunna violin na sauti da lantarki ba ta bambanta sosai ba, amma dole ne ku saba da na'urar lantarki ta analog ta hanyarta.

Wadanne ayyuka aka rubuta don violin?

Ayyukan wani batu ne na daban don tunani, saboda violin yana nuna kansa da kyau duka a matsayin mai soloist da kuma cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Saboda haka, solo concert, sonatas, partitas, caprices da kuma plays na sauran nau'o'in an rubuta don violin, kazalika da sassa na kowane nau'i na duets, quartets da sauran ensembles.

Violin na iya shiga kusan kowane nau'in kiɗan. Mafi sau da yawa a halin yanzu an haɗa shi a cikin litattafai, almara da dutse. Kuna iya ma jin violin a cikin zane-zane na yara da kuma daidaitawarsu na Japan - anime. Duk wannan kawai yana ba da gudummawa ga karuwar shaharar kayan aikin kuma kawai ya tabbatar da cewa violin ba zai taɓa ɓacewa ba.

Shahararrun masu yin violin

Hakanan, kar a manta da masu yin violin. Wataƙila wanda ya fi shahara shine Antonio Stradivari. Duk kayan aikin sa suna da tsada sosai, ana daraja su a da. Stradivarius violin sune mafi shahara. A lokacin rayuwarsa, ya yi fiye da 1000 violin, amma a halin yanzu tsakanin 150 da 600 kida sun tsira - bayanai a cikin daban-daban kafofin wani lokacin ban mamaki a cikin bambancinsa.

Sauran iyalai da ke da alaƙa da yin violin sun haɗa da dangin Aati. Al'ummomi daban-daban na wannan babban dangin Italiyanci sun inganta kayan kida na ruku'u, gami da inganta tsarin violin, samun sauti mai ƙarfi da bayyanawa daga gare ta.

Shahararrun 'yan wasan violin: su wanene?

Violin ya kasance kayan aikin jama'a, amma bayan lokaci dabarar wasan ta zama mai sarƙaƙiya kuma daidaikun masu sana'a na kirki sun fara fitowa daga cikin mutane, waɗanda suka faranta wa jama'a da fasaharsu. Italiya ta shahara ga masu son violin tun lokacin Renaissance na kiɗa. Ya isa a ambaci sunaye kaɗan - Vivaldi, Corelli, Tartini. Niccolo Paganini kuma ya fito ne daga Italiya, wanda sunansa ke rufe cikin almara da asirai.

Daga cikin 'yan wasan violin da suka fito daga Rasha akwai manyan sunaye kamar J. Heifetz, D. Oistrakh, L. Kogan. Masu sauraron zamani kuma sun san sunayen taurari na yanzu a cikin wannan filin wasan kwaikwayo - waɗannan su ne, alal misali, V. Spivakov da Vanessa-Mae.

An yi imanin cewa don fara koyon yin wannan kayan aikin, dole ne ku kasance aƙalla kunne mai kyau don kiɗa, jijiyoyi masu ƙarfi da haƙuri, wanda zai taimaka muku shawo kan karatun shekaru biyar zuwa bakwai. Tabbas, irin wannan abu ba zai iya yin ba tare da rushewa da gazawa ba, duk da haka, a matsayin mai mulkin, ko da waɗannan suna da amfani kawai. Lokacin karatun zai zama da wahala, amma sakamakon ya cancanci jin zafi.

Ba za a iya barin kayan da aka keɓe ga violin ba tare da kiɗa ba. Saurari sanannen kidan Saint-Saëns. Wataƙila ka taɓa jin shi a baya, amma ka san wane irin aiki ne?

C. Saint-Saens Gabatarwa da Rondo Capriccioso