Kirill Petrovich Kondrashin (Kirill Kondrashin) |

Kirill Kondrashin

Jama'ar Artist na USSR (1972). Yanayin kiɗa ya kewaye mai zane na gaba tun lokacin yaro. Iyayensa sun kasance mawaƙa kuma suna wasa a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa daban-daban. (Yana da sha'awar cewa mahaifiyar Kondrashin, A. Tanina, ita ce mace ta farko da ta fara gasa a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗar wasan kwaikwayo ta Bolshoi a 1918.) Da farko ya buga piano (makarantar kiɗa, makarantar fasaha ta VV Stasov), amma yana da shekaru goma sha bakwai. yanke shawarar zama jagora kuma ya shiga cikin Conservatory na Moscow. Bayan shekaru biyar, ya sauke karatu daga Conservatory course a class B. Khaikin. Ko da a baya, ci gaban da ya music horizons aka ƙwarai sauƙaƙe ta azuzuwan cikin jituwa, polyphony da kuma nazarin siffofin tare da N. Zhilyaev.

Matakan farko masu zaman kansu na matasa artist suna da alaka da Musical gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai suna bayan VI Nemirovich-Danchenko. Da farko ya buga kaɗe-kaɗe a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa, kuma a cikin 1934 ya fara halarta a matsayin jagora - a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa shine operetta "Corneville Bells" na Plunket, kuma daga baya "Cio-Cio-san" na Puccini.

Ba da da ewa bayan kammala karatu daga Conservatory, Kondrashin aka gayyace zuwa Leningrad Maly Opera Theater (1937), wanda aka sa'an nan malaminsa B. Khaikin ya jagoranci. Anan aka ci gaba da samuwar hoton madugu. Ya yi nasarar jimre da hadaddun ayyuka. Bayan aikin farko mai zaman kansa a cikin wasan opera A. Pashchenko "Pompadours", an ba shi amana da yawa na wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya da na zamani: "Bikin Bikin Figaro", "Boris Godunov", "Bride Bartered", "Tosca", " Yarinya daga Yamma", "Siki Don".

A cikin 1938 Kondrashin ya shiga cikin Gasar Gudanar da Ƙungiyar Ƙungiya ta Farko. An ba shi takardar shaidar digiri na biyu. Babu shakka wannan nasara ce ga mawakin mai shekaru ashirin da hudu, ganin cewa wadanda suka lashe gasar sun riga sun zama mawakan da suka yi fice.

A 1943 Kondrashin shiga cikin Bolshoi Theatre na Tarayyar Soviet. Repertoire na wasan kwaikwayo na madugu yana ƙara haɓakawa. An fara a nan tare da "The Snow Maiden" na Rimsky-Korsakov, sa'an nan ya sanya a kan "The Bartered Bride" na Smetana, "Pebble" na Monyushko, "The Force of Maƙiyi" by Serov, "Bela" by An. Alexandrova. Duk da haka, riga a wancan lokacin Kondrashin ya fara gravitate mafi zuwa ga symphonic gudanar. Ya jagoranci kungiyar kade-kade ta matasa ta Moscow, wacce a shekarar 1949 ta lashe Grand Prix a bikin Budapest.

Tun 1956, Kondrashin ya keɓe kansa gabaɗaya ga ayyukan kide-kide. Sannan bashi da makada na dindindin. A rangadin shekara-shekara na kasar, dole ne ya yi wasa da kungiyoyi daban-daban; tare da wasu yana hada kai akai akai. Godiya ga aikinsa mai wuyar gaske, alal misali, ƙungiyar makaɗa kamar Gorky, Novosibirsk, Voronezh sun inganta matakin ƙwararrun su sosai. Aikin wata daya da rabi na Kondrashin tare da kungiyar kade-kade ta Pyongyang a DPRK shima ya kawo sakamako mai kyau.

Tuni a wancan lokacin, fitattun Soviet instrumentalists yarda yi a cikin wani gungu na Kondrashin a matsayin madugu. Musamman D. Oistrakh ya ba shi zagayowar "Ci gaban Concerto na Violin", kuma E. Gilels ya buga duka biyar na Beethoven's concertos. Kondrashin kuma ya raka a zagayen karshe na gasar Tchaikovsky ta kasa da kasa ta farko (1958). Ba da daɗewa ba an ji "duet" tare da wanda ya lashe gasar piano Van Cliburn a Amurka da Ingila. Don haka Kondrashin ya zama jagoran Soviet na farko da ya yi wasa a Amurka. Tun daga wannan lokacin, dole ne ya sake yin wasan kwaikwayo a kan matakan kide-kide a duniya.

Sabuwar kuma mafi mahimmanci mataki na aikin fasaha na Kondrashin ya fara ne a shekarar 1960, lokacin da ya jagoranci kungiyar Orchestra ta Philharmonic ta Moscow. A cikin kankanin lokaci, ya yi nasarar kawo wannan tawaga a sahun gaba a kan iyakokin fasaha. Wannan ya shafi duka halayen aiki da kewayon repertoire. Sau da yawa yana magana da shirye-shiryen gargajiya, Kondrashin ya mai da hankali kan kiɗan zamani. Ya “gano” Symphony na huɗu na D. Shostakovich, wanda aka rubuta baya cikin thirties. Bayan haka, mawaki ya ba shi amana na farko na wasan kwaikwayo na Symphony na goma sha uku da kuma kisan Stepan Razin. A cikin 60s, Kondrashin ya gabatar da masu sauraro tare da ayyukan G. Sviridov, M. Weinberg, R. Shchedrin, B. Tchaikovsky da sauran marubutan Soviet.

M. Sokolsky mai suka ya ce: “Dole ne mu yaba wa ƙarfin hali da jajircewar Kondrashin, ƙa’idodinsa, daɗaɗɗen kiɗa da ɗanɗanonsa. "Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ci gaba, mai zurfin tunani da zurfin jin daɗin fasahar Soviet, a matsayin mai farfagandar kerawa na Soviet. Kuma a cikin wannan m, m gwajin fasaha na nasa, ya sami goyon bayan kungiyar makada, wanda ke ɗauke da sunan Moscow Philharmonic… Anan, a cikin Mawakan Philharmonic, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, babban hazaka na Kondrashin ya kasance mai haske da ko'ina. Ina so in kira wannan gwanin abin ban haushi. Rashin sha'awa, rashin tausayi, jaraba ga fashe-fashe masu ban mamaki da kololuwa, zuwa tsananin bayyananniyar magana, waɗanda ke cikin matashi Kondrashin, sun kasance mafi kyawun halayen fasahar Kondrashin a yau. Kawai yau ne lokacin da zai kai ga babban balaga na gaske.

References: R. Glaser. Kirill Kondrashin. "SM", 1963, No. 5. Razhnikov V., "K. Kondrashin yayi magana game da kiɗa da rayuwa", M., 1989.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969