Nau'o'i hudu na triads da jujjuyawar su

Triad a cikin kiɗa shine ƙwanƙolin da ya ƙunshi sautuna uku, waɗanda aka tsara su cikin kashi uku. Don samun triad, kuna buƙatar haɗa kashi biyu cikin uku kawai, amma tunda tazara na uku na iya zama babba ko ƙarami, haɗuwar waɗannan ukun na iya zama daban-daban, kuma, gwargwadon haka, dangane da abun da ke ciki, nau'ikan triads daban-daban. za a iya bambanta.

Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da nau'ikan triad huɗu: babba (ko babba), ƙanana (ko ƙarami), ƙaru da raguwa. Dukkan triads ana nuna su ta lambobi biyu - 5 da 3, waɗanda ke ba da ma'anar tsarin maɗaukaki (ana yin triad ta ƙara tazara na biyar da na uku zuwa tushe).

Manyan triad

Babban triad yana dogara ne akan babban na uku, wanda aka gina ƙaramin ƙarami akansa. Don haka, tazarar abun da ke tattare da wannan triad shine babba na uku + da ƙarami na uku. Don zayyana manyan (ko in ba haka ba babba) triad, ana amfani da babban harafin B, cikakken nadi shine B53.

Misali, idan muna son gina babban triad daga “yi”, to da farko za mu ware babban na uku “do-mi” daga wannan bayanin, sannan mu ƙara ƙarami daga “mi” – “mi-sol” akan. saman. Triad ɗin ya fito daga sautunan DO, MI da SALT.

Ko kuma, idan muka gina irin wannan triad daga "re", da farko za mu rubuta babban na uku "re f-sharp", sa'an nan kuma mu haɗa karamin zuwa "f-sharp" - "f-sharp la". Don haka, babban triad daga "re" shine sautunan RE, F-SHARP da LA.

MOTSA: gina baki ko a rubuce, ko wasa akan kayan aikinku manyan triads daga wasu sautunan da za'a iya kunnawa akan farar maɓallan piano, wato daga MI, FA, SOL, LA, SI.

Manyan triads sun zama ruwan dare a cikin kiɗa - a cikin waƙoƙin waƙoƙi ko guntun kayan aiki, haka nan a cikin rakiyar piano ko guitar, ko a cikin makin kade-kade.

Kyakkyawan misali na amfani da manyan triad a cikin waƙar waƙar da kowa ya sani "Song game da Kyaftin" by Isaac Dunayevsky daga fim din "Children of Captain Grant". Ka tuna sanannen ƙungiyar mawaƙa tare da kalmomin: "Kyaftin, kyaftin, murmushi…"? Don haka, a cikin zuciyar waƙarsa shine daidai motsi ƙasa da sautin manyan triad:

Ƙananan triad

A zuciyar ƙaramin triad yana kwance, bi da bi, ƙaramin ƙarami na uku, kuma an riga an gina babba akansa. Don haka, tazarar abun da ke ciki zai kasance kamar haka: ƙaramin na uku + babba na uku. Don zayyana irin wannan triad, ana amfani da babban harafin M, kuma, kamar kullum, lambobi 5 da 3 - M53.

Idan ka gina ƙaramin triad daga “zuwa”, da farko ka ware “zuwa E-flat” – ƙaramin na uku, sannan ƙara babba zuwa “E-flat” – “E-flat G”. Sakamakon haka, muna samun sautin sautin DO, MI-FLAT da SOL.

Wani misali – bari mu gina ƙaramin triad daga “re”. Karamin na uku daga "re" shine "re-fa", da babban na uku daga "fa" shine "fa-la". Duk sautunan triad ɗin da ake so, saboda haka, RE, FA da LA ne.

MOTSA: gina ƙananan triads daga sautunan MI, FA, SOL, LA da SI.

Ƙananan triad kuma ana amfani da su sosai a cikin kiɗa a cikin nau'i-nau'i iri-iri, wani lokaci waƙoƙin suna farawa da sauti. Don haka, alal misali, waƙar da ta fi shahara a lokacinta, waƙar "Moscow Nights" na mawaki Vasily Solovyov-Sedoy. A farkon farkon, akan kalmomin "Ba a ji ba a cikin lambun ...", waƙar kawai ta ratsa cikin sautin ƙaramin triad:

Ƙarfafa triad

Ana samun ƙarin triad lokacin da aka haɗa manyan kashi biyu cikin uku. Don yin rikodin triad, ana amfani da taƙaitaccen bayanin “Uv”, wanda aka ƙara lambobi 5 da 3, wanda ke nuni da cewa ƙwaƙƙwaran ainihin triad ne – Uv53.

Yi la'akari da misalai. Daga sautin "yi", ƙarar triad yana tafiya tare da bayanin kula DO, MI da SOL-SHARP. Duka kashi uku - "to mi" da "mi sol-sharp", kamar yadda ya kamata, suna da girma.

Daga sauran sautunan, ku, kuna da ɗan gogewa, kuna iya gina irin waɗannan triads da kanku cikin sauƙi, waɗanda muke ba da shawarar ku yi nan da nan. Domin ku bincika kanku, za mu ɓoye amsoshin a cikin ɓarna a yanzu.

Ƙarfafa triad, kamar manya da ƙanana, ana amfani da su ta dabi'a a cikin kiɗa a lokuta da yawa. Amma saboda gaskiyar cewa sauti mara kyau, ayyukan kiɗa, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba sa farawa da shi. Ana iya samun ƙarin triad musamman a tsakiyar waƙa ko yanki na kayan aiki.

Rage triad

Ragewar triad shine ainihin kishiyar maƙarƙashiya. Ya ƙunshi ƙananan kashi biyu cikin uku. Ka'idar nadi yayi kama da: taƙaitaccen bayanin "Um" da lambobi na triad (5 da 3) - Um53.

Idan muna gina ƙananan triad daga sautin "zuwa", to muna buƙatar ginawa da haɗa ƙananan kashi biyu cikin uku: na farko shine "zuwa E-flat", na biyu "E-flat G-flat". Don haka, mun sami abubuwa masu zuwa: DO, MI-FLAT da G-FLAT - waɗannan su ne sautunan da ke samar da triad ɗin da muke buƙata.

Rage triads daga sauran manyan matakai (RE, MI, FA, SOL, LA, SI) gina kanku. Kuna iya ganin amsoshin don gwajin kai a cikin ɓarna a ƙasa.

Kamar triad ɗin da aka ƙara, wanda aka rage yana jin tashin hankali da rashin kwanciyar hankali, don haka ba kasafai ake amfani da shi a farkon guntu ba, sau da yawa ana iya samun wannan maƙarƙashiya a tsakiya ko a ƙarshen waƙa ko guntu don wani kayan aiki. .

Yadda za a koyi bambanta nau'in triads guda 4 ta kunne?

A cikin darussan solfeggio a makarantun kiɗa ko kwalejoji, akwai nau'i na aiki kamar nazarin sauraro, lokacin da aka tambayi ɗalibin ya yi hasashen ko wace tazara ce a halin yanzu ke sauti akan piano ko a wani kayan aiki. Yadda za a tuna da sauti na nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) yadda za a koyi yadda za a bambanta su kuma kada ku dame su da juna?

Wataƙila ka ji ana cewa: “Komai an kwatanta shi.” Wannan ra'ayi daga hikimar jama'a yana aiki a nan a lokacin da ya dace. Wajibi ne a raira waƙa da wasa kowane nau'i na triad, haddace sautinsu da gano kamanceceniya da bambance-bambancen su.

Bari mu yi ƙoƙari mu siffanta kowane ɗayan triads:

1. Manyan triad sauti m, mai haske, mai haske.
2. Ƙananan triad Hakanan yana jin kwanciyar hankali, amma tare da alamar duhu, ya fi duhu.
3. Ƙarfafa triad sauti mara ƙarfi da haske, kamar siren, mai ɗaukar hankali sosai.
4. Rage triad Har ila yau yana jin rashin kwanciyar hankali, amma yana, kamar yadda yake, ya fi matsawa, ya ɓace.

Saurari irin waɗannan nau'ikan triads, waɗanda aka gina daga sautin RE, sau da yawa kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin tunawa da fasalin kowannensu.

Juyawa na triads: mawaƙa na shida da quartersextachord

Duk wani jituwa, gami da triads, za a iya juyawa - wato, ta hanyar sake tsara sautuna don samun sabbin nau'ikan ƙira. Ana yin duk jujjuyawar bisa ga ka'ida ɗaya: ƙananan sautin sauti na asali an canza shi zuwa octave mafi girma, yana haifar da wani nau'i na daban.

Duk triads suna da jujjuyawar biyu: na farko ana kiransa maɗaukaki na shida, na biyu kuma ana kiransa maɗauri na huɗu da na shida. Ana nuna maƙallan ƙira na shida da lamba 6, ana nuna kwata-kwata ta lambobi biyu: 6 da 4.

Misali, bari mu yi jujjuyawar babbar triad “do-mi-sol”. Muna canja wurin ƙananan sautin "zuwa" octave mafi girma, kawai muna sake rubuta sauran sautunan, bar su a wurarensu. Mun sami maƙalli na shida "mi-sol-do".

Yanzu za mu aiwatar da kira mai zuwa, za mu yi aiki tare da maɗaukaki na shida da muka karɓa. Muna matsar da ƙananan sautin "mi" har zuwa tazara na tsantsar octave, kawai muna sake rubuta sauran sautunan. Don haka, muna samun kwata-sextakcord daga sautunan "sol-do-mi". Wannan shi ne na biyu kuma na ƙarshe.

Idan muka yi ƙoƙari mu ƙara ƙara, to za mu koma ga abin da muka fara. Wato, idan ka matsar da bass “G” octave mafi girma a cikin “sol-do-mi” quarter-sextakcord, za ka sami “do-mi-sol” triad na yau da kullun. Don haka, mun tabbata cewa triad ɗin yana da juzu'i biyu kawai.

Yadda za a ƙayyade tazara abun da ke ciki na shida chords da quartersextachords?

Tun da triad ɗin yana da nau'i huɗu kawai, yana nufin cewa za a sami maɗaukaki na shida da maɗaukaki na huɗu zuwa shida kowanne - babba, ƙarami, ƙaru da raguwa. Don tantance tazarar abubuwan da aka tsara na sabbin mawaƙa, bari mu gina su.

Misali, bari mu dauki triads daga sautin MI kuma nan da nan mu yi jujjuyawar farko da ta biyu don samun mawaƙa na shida da kwata-jima'i. Sa'an nan kuma za mu bincika sakamakon ƙididdiga kuma mu ga wane tazara ta kunsa.

Babban mawaƙa na shida da kwata na shida

Manyan triad daga MI, waɗannan su ne sautunan MI, SOL-SHARP da SI. Saboda haka, babbar mawaƙa ta shida (B.6) za ta kasance ta sautin G-SHARP, SI da MI - a cikin wannan tsari. Kuma babban kwata-sextakcord (B.64) zai ƙunshi bayanin kula SI, MI da SOL-SHARP.

Da kanta, babban triad ya ƙunshi kashi biyu cikin uku - babba da ƙarami, mun riga mun san wannan.

Babbar mawaƙa ta shida ta ƙunshi ƙarami na uku (a misalinmu, ita ce “sol-sharp si”) da tsantsa ta huɗu (“si-mi” motsi).

Babban kwata-kwata na jima'i yana farawa da cikakke na huɗu (sautunan "si-mi" a gindin maɗaukaki), wanda sai a ƙara babban na uku (a cikin misali - "mi sol-sharp").

Don haka, mun sami ka'ida mai zuwa: B.6 = ƙarami na uku + tsarki na huɗu; B.64 uXNUMXd tsantsa na huɗu + babba na uku.

Ƙaramin maɗaukaki na shida da kwata na shida

An gina ƙaramin triad daga MI bisa ga sautunan MI, SOL, SI (ba tare da hatsarorin da ba dole ba). Wannan yana nufin cewa ƙaramar maɗaukaki na shida (M.6) ita ce bayanin kula SOL, SI, MI, kuma ƙaramar kwata-sextakcord (M.64) ita ce SI, MI, SOL.

An samar da ƙaramin triad da kashi biyu cikin uku - ƙaramin “E-sol” da babban “sol-si”.

Ƙaramin maɗaukaki na shida ya ƙunshi babban na uku (sautunan sol-si) da kuma tsantsa na huɗu (sautunan si-mi), yayin da ƙaramin kwata-jita, akasin haka, yana farawa da na huɗu (a misali, “si-. mi”), wanda ƙaramin sulusi (a cikin misali, waɗannan su ne sautin “mi-sol”).

Don haka, mun gano cewa: M.6 = babba na uku + tsarki na hudu; M.64 uXNUMXd tsantsa na huɗu + ƙarami na uku.

Ƙaƙwalwar ƙira ta shida da quartersextachord

Ƙarfafa triad daga MI shine maƙallan MI, G-SHARP, C-SHARP. Kashi na shida na wannan triad shine G-SHARP, B-SHARP, MI, kuma maɗaurin kwata-jita shine B-SHARP, MI, G-SHARP. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa na duk maɗaukakin maɗaukaki uku shine cewa duk suna sauti kamar ƙararrakin triad (wanda aka gina kawai daga sautuna daban-daban).

Ƙarfafa triad, kamar yadda muka riga muka sani, ya ƙunshi manyan kashi biyu cikin uku (a misali, waɗannan su ne "E G-sharp" da "G-sharp C-sharp").

Ƙirar ta shida na triad ɗin da aka ƙara shine babban na uku (a cikin misali - "G-sharp C-sharp"), wanda aka ƙara raguwa ta huɗu (a cikin misali - "B-kaifi E").

Ƙirar-sextakcord quadrant-sextak na triad iri ɗaya ita ce raguwar quart (mi sol-sharp) da babba na uku (daga sol-kaifi zuwa c-kaifi).

Ƙarshen shine kamar haka: SW.6 = babba na uku + rage na hudu; Uv.64 uXNUMXd ya rage na hudu + babba na uku.

Rage waƙa ta shida da kwata-jima'i

Ragewar triad daga sautin MI shine haɗin kai daga bayanin kula MI, SOL, SI-FLAT. Kashi na shida na wannan triad shine G, B-flat da MI, kuma madannin sa na kwata-jita shine B-flat, MI, G.

Triad da ake la'akari yana da ma'ana, ya ƙunshi ƙananan ƙananan kashi biyu (a cikin yanayinmu, waɗannan su ne sautin "mi sol" da "sol si-flat").

Ana samun raguwar ƙira na shida ta hanyar haɗa ɗan ƙaramin na uku (muna da “G-flat”) tare da ƙarar quart (a cikin misali, “B-flat”).

Ragewar quartsextakcord yana farawa da ƙaƙƙarfan quart (bisa ga misali – “si-flat mi”), wanda ƙaramin uku (“mi sol”) ya haɗu.

Don haka, a sakamakon haka, ya zama haka: Um.6 u64d ƙarami na uku + ya karu na huɗu; Um.XNUMX = ƙarami na huɗu + ƙarami na uku.

Teburin abubuwan tazara na ƙwanƙwasa sauti uku

Bari mu taƙaita duk bayanan da muka samu game da ƙayyadaddun tazara a cikin tebur. Kuna iya saukar da tebur iri ɗaya don bugawa. NAN kuma yi amfani da shi azaman takardar yaudara a cikin darussan solfeggio ko a cikin aikin gida har sai kun tuna da shi sosai.

nutsuwa	SEXT- CHORDS	QUARTZEXT- CHORDS
MAJOR	B.53 = b.3 + m.3	B.6 = m.3 + h.4	B.64 u4d part 3 + b.XNUMX
KARAMIN	M.53 = m.3 + b.3	M.6 = b.3 + p.4	M.64 = Kashi na 4 + m.3
KARAWA	Uv.53 = b.3 + b.3	Uv.6 = b.3 + um.4	Uv.64 = um.4 + b.3
RAGE	Hankali.53 = m.3 + m.3	Hankali.6 = m.3 + uv.4	Hankali.64 = uv.4 + m.3

Me yasa kuke buƙatar sanin menene tazarar wannan ko waccan maɗaukaki ya ƙunshi? Wannan ya zama dole domin a sauƙaƙe gina haɗin gwiwar da ake so daga kowane sautin kiɗa.

Alal misali, bari mu gina duk maɗaukakin maɗaukaki da muka yi la'akari a yau daga sautin PE.

• Mun riga mun gina babban triad daga PE, ba za mu yi sharhi game da shi ba. Waɗannan su ne sautunan RE, F-SHARP, LA. Babban mawaƙa na shida daga RE - RE, FA, SI-FLAT ("re-fa" ƙaramin na uku ne, kuma "fa B-flat" ƙaƙƙarfan quart ne). Babban kwata-sextakcord daga wannan bayanin kula shine RE, SOL, SI (tsaftace quart "re-sol" da manyan "sol-si" na uku).
• Ƙananan triad daga RE - RE, FA, LA. Ƙaramar maɗaukaki na shida daga wannan bayanin kula shine RE, F-sharp, SI (babba na uku "re F-sharp" + tsarkakakken na huɗu "F-sharp si"). Ƙananan kwata-sextakcord daga PE - PE, SOL, SI-FLAT (tsaftace quart "D-Sol" + ƙananan uku "G-flat").
• Ƙara triad daga RE - RE, F-SHARP, A-SHARP. Ƙarfafa ƙira na shida daga RE - RE, F-SHARP, SI-FLAT (na farko babban na uku "DF-sharp", sa'an nan kuma raguwar "F-sharp B-flat"). Ƙara kwata-sextakcord daga wannan sauti - RE, G-flat, B-lebur (rage quart a tushe "D G-flat" da kuma babban uku na sama da shi "G-flat B-flat").
• Rage triad daga RE - RE, FA, A-FLAT. Rage waƙar ta shida daga wannan sautin ita ce RE, FA, SI ("re-fa" ƙaramin na uku ne, "fa-si" shine ƙara ta huɗu). Rage kwata-kwata na shida daga PE - PE, G-SHARP, SI (ƙara na huɗu a gindin "D-sharp", da ƙaramin uku a sama da shi "G-sharp SI").

Duk jujjuyawar triad suna da nasu ikon bayyanawa kuma ana amfani da su sosai a cikin kiɗa a cikin ayyuka iri-iri.

Yan uwa anan ne zamu dakata da babban darasin mu. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi game da batun, da fatan za a rubuta su a cikin sharhin wannan labarin. Idan wani abu, kamar a gare ku, ba a bayyana shi sosai ba, kuma ku ji daɗin bayyana ra'ayin ku game da wannan batu. Muna aiki koyaushe don inganta ingancin kayan mu.

A cikin batutuwa na gaba, za mu koma nazarin triads fiye da sau ɗaya. Ba da daɗewa ba za ku koyi game da abin da manyan triads na yanayin suke, da kuma irin muhimman ayyuka da suke yi a cikin kiɗa.

A cikin rabuwa, za mu jefa muku wasu kida masu ban sha'awa. Wannan waƙar, ta hanya, tana farawa da ƙaramin kwata-jima'i!

L. van Beethoven - Sonata Moonlight (Spanish: Valentina Lisitsa)