Bell: abun da ke ciki na kayan aiki, tarihi, amfani, iri

Tsohon wakilin dangin kaɗa yana ɗauke da ma'ana mai tsarki a cikin sautinsa. A kowane birni na Rasha, ana jin ƙararrawar coci tana sanar da soma hidimar Allah. Kuma a ma’anar ilimi, wannan kayan kida ne na kade-kade, wanda tarihinsa ya koma ga bata lokaci.

Na'urar kararrawa

Ya ƙunshi kubba mara komai a cikinsa wanda sauti ke samuwa, da harshen da ke ciki tare da axis. An faɗaɗa ƙananan ɓangaren, na sama ya fi kunkuntar, an yi masa rawani da "kai" da "kambi". Ana jefa tsarin daga karafa daban-daban, galibi ana yin amfani da tagulla mai kararrawa, sau da yawa ana amfani da ƙarfe, ƙarfe, ko da gilashi.

Ana dakatar da na'urar akan goyan baya ko gyarawa akan tushe mai girgiza. Sautin yana jin daɗi ta hanyar murɗa harshe da buga shi a bango, ko kuma ta hanyar murɗa kubba da kanta.

A Turai, kararrawa da ba su da harshe sun fi yawa. Don cire sautin, suna buƙatar buge su tare da mallet a kan dome. Turawa suna girgiza jiki da kansa, kuma a cikin al'adun kade-kade na Rasha harshen ya fara aiki.

Tarihi

Wataƙila karrarawa na farko na iya bayyana a China. Abubuwan da aka gano tun ƙarni na XNUMX BC sun shaida hakan. Kayan kida na farko na kwafin dozin da yawa su ma Sinawa ne suka kirkiro su. A Turai, irin wannan tsarin ya bayyana bayan ƙarni biyu.

A Rasha, tarihin kararrawa ya fara ne da zuwan Kiristanci. Tun zamanin d ¯ a, mutane sun gaskata cewa ringing, amo, rattling fitar da mugayen ruhohi, karrarawa sun zama sifa na shamans shekaru da yawa.

Daga farkon karni na XNUMX, ƙararrawar sigina ta bayyana a Novgorod, Vladimir, Rostov, Moscow, da Tver. An shigo da su. Asalin sunan yana dangana ga tsohuwar kalmar Rasha "kol", wanda ke nufin "da'irar" ko "dabaran".

Kuma a shekara ta 1579 akwai wani tushe a Novgorod, inda aka jefa karrarawa. Masanan sun sami damar gano madaidaicin dabarar gawa, yakamata ya kasance kashi 80 cikin 20 na jan karfe da XNUMX% tin.

A Rasha a cikin karni na 18, waɗannan kayan aikin suna da ma'auni daban-daban da girma. Girman wasu sun kasance masu ban sha'awa har suka ba na'urar suna. An san irin sunayen karrarawa kamar "Tsar Bell", "Annunciation", "Godunovsky".

Akwai fayiloli masu ban sha'awa iri-iri game da kararrawa:

• A farkon Kiristanci, an ɗauke su halayen arna.
• A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, kayan aiki na iya yin amfani da dalilai masu nisa daga bangaskiyar Orthodox: a Italiya ya kira lokacin da za a saka kullu don gurasa, a cikin Jamus sauti na iya nufin farkon tsaftacewa a kan tituna, kuma a Poland ya sanar da mazauna. cewa gidajen giya sun bude.
• Lokacin canza kyaftin a tashar sararin samaniya ta ƙasa da ƙasa, ana buga kararrawa koyaushe.

An daina amfani da kayan kida tare da zuwan ikon Bolsheviks. A cikin 1917, majami'u sun lalace, an ba da karrarawa zuwa ƙarfe mara ƙarfe don remelting. Zuwa dakunan karatu. Lenin a Moscow, zaku iya ganin babban taimako tare da hotunan masana kimiyya da marubuta. Don ƙirƙirar su, an narkar da kayan aikin da aka ɗauka daga majami'u takwas na manyan biranen.

Amfani da kararrawa

A cikin kiɗa na Rasha, amfani da kararrawa na gargajiya yana dogara ne akan nau'i-nau'i da girma. Mafi girman abun da ke ciki, ƙananan sautinsa. Kayan aikin monophonic ne, wato, yana iya ƙirƙirar sauti ɗaya kawai. Ana rubuta na tsakiya a cikin maki a cikin clef bass octave ƙasa da sauti, ƙarami - a cikin ƙugiyar violin. Yawan nauyin kararrawa tare da ƙaramar sauti yana hana amfani da shi a cikin kiɗa saboda rashin yiwuwar sanya shi a kan mataki.

Mawaƙa sun yi amfani da nau'ikan karrarawa don jaddada tasirin musamman da ke tattare da shirin. An yi amfani da ƙirar gargajiya a cikin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo tun ƙarshen karni na XNUMX. An maye gurbin su da ƙungiyar makaɗa, wanda ya fara zama daban-daban - wannan nau'i ne na bututu da aka saka a kan firam.

A cikin kiɗa na Rasha, Glinka, Mussorgsky, Rachmaninoff, Rimsky-Korsakov sun yi amfani da wannan kayan kida a cikin ayyukansu. Shahararrun mawaƙa na ƙarni na XNUMX sun ci gaba da al'adar: Shchedrin, Petrov, Sviridov.

Nau'in kararrawa

Bayanan sauti da tsarin na'urorin sun ba da damar rarraba su zuwa nau'i daban-daban:

• ringing - za'a iya samun nau'i daban-daban na su, harsuna suna haɗa da juna tare da igiya da aka haɗe zuwa ginshiƙan ringi;
• percussion - zo a cikin hanyar haɗin kai 2,3 4 kofe;
• matsakaici - nau'ikan karrarawa waɗanda ke hidima don yin ado da babban ƙararrawa;
• manzanni kayan aiki ne na sigina waɗanda ke yin hidima don tara mutane don ayyuka daban-daban (rakukuwa, ranakun mako, Lahadi).

A zamanin d ¯ a, sunaye masu kyau sun bayyana: "Perespor", "Falcon", "George", "Gospodar", "Bear".

Chimes - wani nau'in daban, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin belfries tare da aikin agogo. Wannan saitin karrarawa ne masu girma dabam dabam tare da nau'i daban-daban, wanda aka daidaita daidai da ma'aunin chromatic ko diatonic.