Denise Duval (Denise Duval) |

Denise Duval

Opera muse Poulec

1. Francis Poulenc da fasaha na karni na 20

“Ina sha’awar mawaƙin da kuma mutumin da ke ƙirƙira kiɗan dabi’a da ke bambanta ku da sauran. A cikin rugujewar tsarin zamani, akidun da masu iko ke kokarin aiwatarwa, kun kasance kanku - jarumtakar da ba kasafai ta cancanci girmamawa ba, ”Arthur Honegger ya rubuta wa Francis Poulenc a cikin daya daga cikin wasikunsa. Wadannan kalmomi suna bayyana mahimmancin kayan ado na Pulenkov. Lallai wannan mawaƙin ya kasance wuri na musamman a tsakanin mawaƙan ƙarni na 20. Bayan waɗannan kalmomi marasa mahimmanci (bayan haka, kowane babban mashawarci na musamman ne a cikin wani abu!) Yana ɓoye, duk da haka, muhimmiyar gaskiya. Gaskiyar ita ce, fasaha na karni na 20, tare da duk nau'ikansa masu ban sha'awa, yana da nau'i na gaba ɗaya. A mafi yawan nau'i na gaba ɗaya, ana iya tsara su kamar haka: rinjaye na al'ada, gauraye da kyawawan dabi'u, da dandano mai ban sha'awa da sha'awar sabon abu da kuma rushe tsoffin gumaka. Bayan "sayar da" rayukan su ga "shaidan" na ci gaba da wayewa, yawancin masu fasaha sun sami nasarori masu ban mamaki a fagen fasaha na fasaha, wanda ke da ban mamaki a kanta. Duk da haka, asarar ta kasance wani lokaci mai mahimmanci. A cikin sabon yanayi, mahalicci, da farko, ba ya bayyana halinsa ga duniya, amma yana gina sabon abu. Sau da yawa ya fi damuwa da ƙirƙirar harshensa na asali, don cutar da ikhlasi da son rai. Yana shirye ya sadaukar da mutunci kuma ya koma ga eclecticism, kau da kai daga zamani kuma a tafi da shi tare da salo - duk hanyoyi suna da kyau idan ta haka za a iya samun nasara. Ku tafi hanyarku, kada ku yi kwarkwasa fiye da ma'auni da kowace koyarwa ta al'ada, amma ku ji bugun jini na zamani; don kasancewa da gaskiya, amma a lokaci guda kada a makale a kan "gefen hanya" - kyauta na musamman wanda ya zama mai isa ga 'yan kaɗan. Irin waɗannan, alal misali, su ne Modigliani da Petrov-Vodkin a cikin zane-zane ko Puccini da Rachmaninoff a cikin kiɗa. Akwai, ba shakka, wasu sunaye. Idan muka yi magana game da fasaha na kiɗa, a nan Prokofiev ya tashi kamar "dutse", wanda ya yi nasarar cimma kyakkyawar haɗuwa da "physics" da "lyrics". Hankali da tsarin gine-gine na ainihin harshe na fasaha da ya halitta ba sa cin karo da wakoki da waƙoƙin waƙa, waɗanda suka zama abokan gaba na farko ga fitattun masu yin halitta, waɗanda a ƙarshe suka mika su ga nau'in haske.

Yana da wannan ƙananan ƙananan ƙabilar Poulenc, wanda a cikin aikinsa ya sami damar haɓaka mafi kyawun fasalin al'adar kiɗa na Faransa (ciki har da "wasan kwaikwayo na opera"), don adana hanzari da lyricism na ji, ba tare da barin wani adadi ba. na manyan nasarori da sabbin fasahohin fasahar zamani.

Poulenc ya kusanci yin wasan operas a matsayin babban ƙwararren ƙwararren da ya samu nasarori da yawa a bayansa. Ayyukansa na farko sun kasance 1916, yayin da opera na farko, Breasts of Tiresias, mawallafin ya rubuta a 1944 (wanda aka yi a 1947 a Opera Comic). Kuma yana da uku daga cikinsu. A shekara ta 1956, an kammala Tattaunawar Karmel (wasannin farko na duniya ya faru a 1957 a La Scala), a cikin 1958 Muryar Dan Adam (wanda aka shirya akan mataki a 1959 a Opera Comic). A shekara ta 1961, mawaƙin ya ƙirƙira wani aiki na musamman, The Lady daga Monte Carlo, wanda ya kira monologue na soprano da orchestra. Sunan mawaƙin Faransa Denise Duval yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da duk waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.

2. Denise Duval - Poulenc's "opera muse"

Ya gan ta, m, kyau, mai salo, kamar dai saukowa daga canvases na Van Dongen, a cikin Petit Theater, a kan mataki na mutum wasanni na Opera Comic aka shirya a lokaci guda. An shawarci mawaƙin ya kalle ta - mawaƙa kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo daga Folies Bergère - darektan wasan opera na farko, Max de Rieux. Duval, yana maimaitawa Tosca, ya buge Poulenc nan take. Nan da nan ya gane cewa ba zai iya samun mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na babban rawar Teresa-Tiresia ba. Baya ga ƙwaƙƙarfan iyawar muryarsa, ya ji daɗin ƴancin fasaha da ban dariya mai ban dariya, don haka ya zama dole don wasan opera na buffoon. Daga yanzu Duval ya zama ba makawa ɗan takara a mafi yawan farko na muryarsa da abubuwan da aka tsara (ban da samar da tattaunawa na Milan, inda babban ɓangaren Virginia Zeani ya yi).

An haifi Denis Duval a shekara ta 1921 a birnin Paris. Ta yi karatu a dakin ajiyar kaya a Bordeaux, inda ta fara fitowa a matakin wasan opera a 1943 a Rural Honor (bangaren Lola). Mawaƙin, wanda ke da basirar wasan kwaikwayo, ya jawo hankalin ba kawai ta hanyar wasan opera ba. Tun 1944, ta gwada kanta a cikin revue na sanannen Folie Bergère. Rayuwa ta canza sosai a cikin 1947, lokacin da aka fara gayyatar ta zuwa Grand Opera, inda ta rera waka Salome a cikin Massenet's Herodias, sannan zuwa Opera Comic. Anan ta sadu da Poulec, abokantaka na kirkira wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa mutuwar mawaki.

Farkon wasan opera mai suna “Breasts of Tiresias”* ya jawo cece-ku-ce daga jama’a. Wakilan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun mawaƙa ne kawai suka sami damar yin godiya da wannan farce ta zahiri dangane da wasan kwaikwayon sunan guda na Guillaume Apollinaire. Sai kawai wasan opera na gaba "Tattaunawar Karmel", wanda aka kirkira ta hanyar gidan wasan kwaikwayo "La Scala", ya zama nasara mara sharadi na mawaki. Amma kafin a yi wasu shekaru 10. A halin yanzu, an haɗa aikin Duval na opera na tsawon shekaru tare da Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Monte Carlo. Daga cikin rawar da aka yi a wannan mataki akwai Thais a cikin wasan opera na Massenet mai suna (1950), Ninetta a cikin Prokofiev's The Love for Three Lemu (1952), Concepcion in the Spanish Hour na Ravel (1952), Musetta (1953) da sauransu. A cikin 1953 Duval ya rera waka a La Scala a cikin oratorio na Honegger Joan na Arc a kan gungumen azaba. A wannan shekarar, ya shiga cikin samar da Rameau's Gallant Indies a bikin Florentine Musical May. A farkon 50s, da singer samu nasarar rangadin Amurka sau biyu (a 1953 ta rera waka a cikin American samar da opera The Breasts of Tiresias).

A ƙarshe, a cikin 1957, nan da nan bayan nasarar farko a Milan, Paris na farko na Dialogues des Carmelites ** ya faru. Masu sauraro sun yi farin ciki da duka opera kanta da Duval a matsayin Blanche. Poulenc, bai gamsu sosai da samar da Milanese na Italiyanci ba, zai iya gamsuwa a wannan lokacin. Salon parlando a ƙarshe ya yi nasara akan salon bel canto. Kuma mafi mahimmancin rawa a cikin wannan sauyi na opera ya kasance ta hanyar fasaha na Duval.

Babban aikin Poulenc, da kuma aikin Duval na opera, shine wasan opera na Muryar Dan Adam. An fara wasan farko na duniya a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1959 a Opera Comic. Ba da daɗewa ba aka yi wasan opera a La Scala (1959), da kuma a bukukuwan Edinburgh, Glyndebourne da Aix-en-Provence (1960). Kuma a ko'ina abin da Duval ya yi ya kasance tare da nasara.

A cikin wannan aikin, Poulenc ya sami rarrashi mai ban mamaki na yadda ɗan adam yake ji, ƙaƙƙarfan wadatar harshe na kiɗa. Lokacin shirya kiɗa, mawakiyar ta ƙidaya Duval, akan iyawarta ta cika siffar macen da aka yi watsi da ita. Don haka tare da cikakken dama za mu iya la'akari da mawaƙin a matsayin mawallafin wannan abun. Kuma a yau, sauraron wasan kwaikwayo na mawaƙa "Muryar Mutum", wanda ba zai iya zama ba sha'awa ga fasaha ta ban mamaki.

Ci gaba da aikin Duval bayan nasarar mono-opera ya ci gaba da samun nasara. A 1959, ta shiga cikin duniya farko na Nikolai Nabokov ta opera Mutuwar Rasputin a Cologne. Tun 1960, ya kasance yana yin wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Colon, inda ya sake ciyar da wasu yanayi da yawa. Daga cikin jam'iyyun yi da singer Tosca, Juliet a cikin "Tales of Hoffmann" da kuma sauran matsayin. A cikin 1962-63 ta rera Mélisande a bikin Glyndebourne. A cikin 1965, Duval ya bar mataki don sadaukar da kansa ga koyarwa, da kuma jagorancin wasan opera.

Evgeny Tsodokov

Notes:

Anan ga taƙaitaccen wasan opera "Nono na Tiresias" - farce mai ban tsoro dangane da wasan kwaikwayon sunan guda na G. Apollinaire: Exotic Zanzibar. Teresa, wata budurwa mai ban mamaki, ta damu da zama namiji da zama sananne. Mafarkin ya zo gaskiya a hanya mai ban mamaki. Ta zama Tiresiya mai gemu, kuma mijinta, akasin haka, ya zama mace mai haifuwa 48048 a rana (!), Domin Zanzibar yana buƙatar karuwar yawan jama'a. "Samar" waɗannan yara suna kama da wani abu kamar haka: miji yana so ya halicci ɗan jarida, ya jefa jaridu, tawada, almakashi a cikin stroller kuma ya yi magana. Sannan komai a cikin ruhi daya. Wannan yana biye da jerin nau'ikan abubuwan hauka iri-iri (ciki har da duel, clowning) haruffan buffoon, babu dabaru da ke da alaƙa da makircin. Bayan duk wannan tashin hankali, Teresa ta bayyana a cikin hanyar boka kuma ta yi sulhu da mijinta. An yanke shawarar duk ayyukan da aka yi a farkon duniya ta hanya mai ban tsoro. Don haka, alal misali, a cikin aikin, ƙirjin mace a cikin nau'i na balloons suna tashi da yawa a cikin iska kuma suna ɓacewa, alamar canji na mace zuwa namiji. An fara samar da wasan opera na farko a shekarar 1992 a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Perm Opera da Ballet (wanda G. Isahakyan ya jagoranta).

** Don wasan opera “Tattaunawar Karmel” duba: Encyclopedic Dictionary “Opera”, M. “Mawaki”, 1999, shafi. 121.

*** Don wasan opera Muryar Dan Adam, duba ibid., shafi. 452. An fara yin wasan opera a mataki na Rasha a shekarar 1965, na farko a cikin wasan kwaikwayo (soloist Nadezhda Yureneva), sa'an nan kuma a kan mataki na Bolshoi Theater (soloist Galina Vishnevskaya).