Désirée Artôt |

Sunan mahaifi Artot

Artaud, mawaƙin Faransa daga asalin Belgian, yana da muryar da ba kasafai ba, ta yi sassan mezzo-soprano, mai ban mamaki da lyric-coloratura soprano.

An haifi Desiree Artaud de Padilla (sunan budurwa Marguerite Josephine Montaney) a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 1835. Tun 1855 ta yi karatu tare da M. Odran. Daga baya ta tafi makaranta mai kyau a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Pauline Viardo-Garcia. A lokacin ta kuma yi wasan kwaikwayo a kan matakan Belgium, Holland da Ingila.

A shekara ta 1858, matashiyar mawaƙa ta fara halarta ta farko a Paris Grand Opera (Meyerbeer's The Prophet) kuma nan da nan ta ɗauki matsayi na prima donna. Daga nan sai Artaud ya yi wasa a kasashe daban-daban a fagen wasa da kuma a fagen wasan kwaikwayo.

A 1859 ta yi nasarar yin waka tare da Kamfanin Opera na Lorini a Italiya. A cikin 1859-1860 ta zagaya London a matsayin mawakiyar kide-kide. Daga baya, a cikin 1863, 1864 da 1866, ta yi a cikin "Fuggy Albion" a matsayin mai wasan opera.

A Rasha, Artaud ya yi nasara sosai a wasannin Opera na Italiyanci na Moscow (1868-1870, 1875/76) da St. Petersburg (1871/72, 1876/77).

Artaud ya zo kasar Rasha ne tun da ya riga ya yi fice a Turai. Faɗin muryarta ya ba ta damar iya jure wa soprano da sassa na mezzo-soprano. Ta hade coloratura haske tare da nuna wasan kwaikwayo na waka. Donna Anna a cikin Mozart's Don Giovanni, Rosina a cikin Rossini's Barber of Seville, Violetta, Gilda, Aida a cikin operas na Verdi, Valentina a cikin Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots, Marguerite a cikin Gounod's Faust - ta yi duk waɗannan rawar tare da shiga cikin kiɗa da fasaha. . Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa fasaharta ta jawo hankalin masu hankali irin su Berlioz da Meyerbeer.

A 1868, Artaud ya fara bayyana a Moscow mataki, inda ta zama ado na Italiyanci opera kamfanin Merelli. Ga labarin shahararren mai sukar kiɗan G. Laroche: “Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi masu fasaha na rukuni na biyar da na shida, ba su da murya, ba tare da hazaka ba; Sai dai abin mamaki sai wata yarinya ‘yar shekara talatin da bakar fuska da shakuwa, wacce ta fara kiba sannan ta yi saurin tsufa a bayyanar da murya. Kafin isowarta a Moscow, birane biyu - Berlin da Warsaw - sun ƙaunace ta sosai. Amma babu inda, ga alama, ta ta da irin wannan babbar murya da kuma abokantaka kamar a Moscow. Ga da yawa daga cikin matasan mawaƙa na wancan lokacin, musamman ga Pyotr Ilyich, Artaud, kamar yadda yake, ya kasance mutumtakar mawaƙa ta ban mamaki, allahn wasan opera, tana haɗawa da kanta kyaututtukan da aka saba warwatse a wasu yanayi. An yi ta da piano maras kyau kuma tana da kyakkyawar murya, ta ba wa taron mamaki da wasan wuta na trill da sikeli, kuma dole ne a ikirari cewa wani muhimmin bangare na repertoire ya sadaukar da wannan bangaren fasaha na kirki; amma tsananin ƙarfin hali da waƙar magana da alama suna ɗaga waƙar tushe wani lokaci zuwa matakin fasaha mafi girma. Saurayin, ɗan kaushi na muryarta yana shakar fara'a mara misaltuwa, yana jin sakaci da sha'awa. Artaud ya kasance mummuna; amma zai yi kuskure sosai wanda ya ɗauka cewa da wahala mai yawa, ta hanyar sirrin fasaha da bayan gida, an tilasta mata yin yaƙi da ra'ayi mara kyau na bayyanarta. Ta rinjayi zukata da laka da hankali tare da kyan gani mara kyau. Farin farin ciki mai ban mamaki na jiki, ƙarancin filastik da alherin ƙungiyoyi, kyawawan makamai da wuyansa ba makami kaɗai ba ne: saboda duk rashin daidaituwa na fuska, yana da fara'a mai ban mamaki.

Don haka, daga cikin masu sha'awar prima donna na Faransa shine Tchaikovsky. “Na ji bukatar,” in ji Ɗan’uwa Modest, “ka bayyana tunanina a zuciyarka ta fasaha. Idan kun san wane irin mawaki ne kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Artaud. Ban taɓa ganin wani mai fasaha ya burge ni ba kamar wannan lokacin. Kuma ina bakin ciki da ba ka ji ba ka ganta! Yaya za ku sha'awar motsin zuciyarta da kyawun motsi da matsayi!

Hira har ta koma aure. Tchaikovsky ya rubuta wa mahaifinsa: "Na sadu da Artaud a cikin bazara, amma na sadu da ita sau ɗaya kawai, bayan ta amfana a abincin dare. Bayan ta dawo kaka, ban ziyarce ta ba har tsawon wata guda. Mun hadu kwatsam a maraice na kiɗan; Ta bayyana mamakin da ban ziyarce ta ba, na yi alkawarin zan ziyarce ta, amma da ban cika alkawari ba (saboda kasawar sabbin abokai) da Anton Rubinstein, wanda ke wucewa ta Moscow, bai ja ni wurinta ba. . Tun daga lokacin, kusan kowace rana, na fara samun wasiƙun gayyata daga wurinta, kuma kaɗan kaɗan na saba ziyartarta kowace rana. Ba da da ewa ba, mun sanya tausayi ga junanmu, kuma ikirari na juna ya biyo baya. Ya tafi ba tare da faɗi cewa a nan tambayar ta taso game da aure na halal, wanda mu biyun mu ke sha'awa sosai kuma ya kamata a yi a lokacin rani, idan babu abin da ya hana shi. Amma wannan shine ƙarfin, cewa akwai wasu cikas. Da farko, mahaifiyarta, wanda ke tare da ita kullum kuma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci a kan 'yarta, yana adawa da auren, gano cewa ni matashi ne ga 'yarta, kuma, a kowane hali, yana tsoron cewa zan tilasta mata ta zauna a Rasha. Na biyu, abokaina, musamman N. Rubinstein, suna amfani da ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce mai ƙarfi don kada in cika shirin aure. Suna cewa, da yake na zama mijin wani shahararren mawaki, zan taka rawar miji na matata, watau zan bi ta ko’ina a Turai, in zauna da kudinta, zan rasa al’ada kuma ba zan kasance ba. iya yin aiki ... Zai yiwu a hana yiwuwar wannan masifa ta shawarar da ta yanke na barin mataki kuma ta zauna a Rasha - amma ta ce, duk da irin ƙaunar da take yi mini, ba za ta iya yanke shawarar barin matakin da ta kasance ba. ta saba kuma wanda ke kawo mata suna da kudi… Kamar yadda ba za ta iya yanke shawarar barin fagen daga ba, ni a nawa bangaren, na yi shakkar sadaukar da rayuwata dominta, domin ko shakka babu za a hana ni damar ci gaba. hanyata idan na bi ta makauniya.

Daga ra'ayi na yau, ba ze zama abin mamaki ba cewa, bayan barin Rasha, Artaud ba da daɗewa ba ya auri mawaƙan Baritone na Spain M. Padilla y Ramos.

A cikin 70s, tare da mijinta, ta yi nasarar rera waƙa a wasan opera a Italiya da sauran ƙasashen Turai. Artaud ya rayu a Berlin tsakanin 1884 zuwa 1889 daga baya a Paris. Tun 1889, barin mataki, ta koyar, a cikin dalibai - S. Arnoldson.

Tchaikovsky ya riƙe jin daɗin abokantaka ga mai zane. Bayan shekaru XNUMX da rabuwa, bisa buqatar Artaud, ya kirkiro waqoqin soyayya guda shida bisa waqoqin mawakan Faransa.

Artaud ya rubuta: “A ƙarshe, abokina, soyayyar ka tana hannuna. Tabbas, 4, 5, da 6 suna da kyau, amma na farko yana da fara'a kuma sabo ne. "Rashin jin kunya" Ina kuma son matuƙar - a cikin kalma, Ina ƙauna da sababbin zuriyarku kuma ina alfahari da cewa ka halicce su, kuna tunanina.

Da ya sadu da mawaƙin a Berlin, mawaƙin ya rubuta: “Na yi wata maraice tare da Madam Artaud tare da Grieg, abin da ba za a taɓa mantawa da shi ba. Halaye da fasahar wannan mawakin duka suna da ban sha'awa kamar yadda aka saba."

Artaud ya mutu a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 1907 a Berlin.