Gita na gargajiya: abun da ke ciki na kayan aiki, tarihi, nau'ikan, yadda ake zaɓa da tune

Don zama ruhin kowane kamfani, kuna buƙatar guitar gargajiya da ikon kunna ta. Har zuwa karni na karshe, ba a ba da wannan kayan aiki sosai a Rasha ba. Kuma a yau, wakilin dangin kirtani da aka zana an yi la'akari da shi mafi mashahuri kayan aiki tare da acoustics.

Siffofin kayan aiki

Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin acoustics da na gargajiya duka suna cikin fasalulluka da kuma salo. Na farko ya fi dacewa da dutsen da yi, ƙasa da jazz, na biyu - don romances, ballads, flamenco.

An bambanta guitar na gargajiya da sauran nau'ikan ta hanyar halayen halayensa:

• Kuna iya bambanta shi da adadin frets, a kan litattafai akwai 12 daga cikinsu, kuma ba 14 ba, kamar sauran nau'in;
• mafi fadi wuyansa;
• manyan girma;
• haɓaka sauti kawai saboda yanayin katako; ana amfani da abin ɗaukar hoto ko makirufo don wasan kwaikwayo;
• adadin kirtani shine 6, yawanci suna nailan, carbon ko karfe;
• Alamun tashin hankali suna gefen fretboard, kuma ba akan jirginsa ba.

Ana amfani da guitar kirtani shida duka don wasan kwaikwayo na solo da don rakiyar ko a cikin ƙungiyoyi. Dabarar ta bambanta shi da kiɗan pop. Mawaƙin yakan yi wasa da yatsunsa, ba tare da ƙwanƙwasa ba.

Design

Babban abubuwan da aka gyara sune jiki, wuyansa, kirtani. Siffar da girman kayan aikin ya kasance ba canzawa tun ƙarshen karni na XNUMX, lokacin da mai yin giyar Spain Antonio Torres ya ƙirƙiri samfurin gargajiya tare da igiyoyi shida, ƙasan katako da allon sauti na sama, haɗin kai da harsashi. Kowane bangare yana da nasa fasali na musamman.

shasi

Ƙarƙashin ƙasa da na sama suna da siffa iri ɗaya. Don yin ƙananan ƙananan, ana amfani da maple violin, cypress ko wasu nau'in itace, don babba - spruce ko cedar. Girman katako daga 2,5 zuwa 4 mm. Babban bene yana da alhakin sonority na kayan aiki. Akwatin murya mai zagaye da diamita na 8,5 cm an yanke shi a ciki, an shigar da mariƙin kirtani tare da goro. Tsayin yana da ramuka shida don haɗa igiyoyi. Don hana lalacewar jiki a lokacin tashin hankali, an shigar da tsarin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da aka yi da katako na katako a ciki, amma babu sandar anga. Wannan babban bambanci ne tsakanin gata na gargajiya da na acoustic.

Griffin

An haɗe shi da ƙugiya tare da keel, wanda kuma ake kira "dugayi". Nisa na fretboard na guitar gargajiya shine 6 cm, tsawon shine 60-70 cm. Don ƙera, ana amfani da itacen al'ul ko wasu nau'ikan itace tare da ingantaccen tsari. A gefe na baya, wuyansa yana da siffar zagaye, filin aiki yana da lebur, an rufe shi da abin rufewa. Wuyan yana ƙarewa da kai, wanda ya faɗaɗa dan kadan, yana jingina baya. Gita na gargajiya ya bambanta da guitar acoustic a tsayin wuyansa, na ƙarshe ya fi guntu da 6-7 cm.

kirtani

Wurin da ya dace da kirtani da tsayi yana da mahimmanci don bayyanannen sauti. Saita shi da ƙarancinsa yana haifar da ɓarna, yayin da yake saita shi da yawa yana haifar da rashin jin daɗi ga mai yin. An ƙayyade tsayin ta 1st da 12th frets. Nisa tsakanin fretboard da kirtani akan guitar na gargajiya yakamata su kasance kamar haka:

Kuna iya auna nisa ta amfani da mai mulki na yau da kullun. Dalilan canjin tsayi na iya zama ƙasa da ƙasa ko babban goro, jujjuyawar wuya. Ana amfani da lambobi don suna kirtani na guitar. Mafi sirara shine na 1, kauri na sama shine na 6. Mafi sau da yawa, dukansu nailan ne - wannan wani bambanci ne tsakanin na gargajiya da na gita-jita.

Labarin

Kayan aikin ya yadu a Spain a karni na 13, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake kiranta da guitar Spanish. Har zuwa ƙarni na XNUMX-XNUMXth, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kirtani daban-daban.

Jagora Antonio Torres ya ba da gudummawa mai girma ga yaɗa kayan kirtani shida. Ya yi gwaji tare da na'urar na dogon lokaci, ya canza tsarin, yayi ƙoƙari ya sa saman bene ya zama bakin ciki kamar yadda zai yiwu don samun sauti mai kyau. Tare da hannunsa mai haske, guitar ta karbi sunan "classical", misali ginawa da kallo.

Littafin jagora na farko na Play, wanda ya gabatar da tsarin koyon wasa, mawaƙin Mutanen Espanya Gaspar Sanz ne ya rubuta shi. A cikin karni na XNUMX, piano ya maye gurbin guitar.

A cikin Rasha, har zuwa karni na XNUMX, babu wani babban sha'awa ga kayan aikin kirtani shida. Yin wasa da guitar ya jawo hankalin mazauna ƙasarmu, godiya ga mawaki Giuseppe Sarti. Ya zauna a Rasha fiye da shekaru ashirin, ya yi aiki a kotun Catherine II da Paul I.

Shahararren mawakin kata na Rasha na farko a tarihi shine Nikolai Makarov. Wani soja mai ritaya, bayan barin sabis, ya zama mai sha'awar guitar kuma ya buga sa'o'i 10-12 a rana. Bayan da ya samu gagarumar nasara, ya fara gudanar da kide-kide da wake-wake da kuma ci gaba da karatu a Vienna. Makarov ya shirya gasar guitar ta farko a Brussels a 1856.

Bayan juyin juya halin, an fara samar da masana'antu da yawa na kayan aiki, an haɗa shi a cikin manhaja a makarantun kiɗa, masu koyar da kai sun bayyana. Gita na gargajiya ya zama kayan aiki na bardi, wanda aka sake kunna waƙoƙin "kirtani shida" a cikin yadudduka.

iri

Duk da wasu ƙa'idodi, akwai nau'ikan guitars na gargajiya daban-daban:

• veneered - samfurori marasa tsada masu dacewa don farawa horo, wanda aka yi da plywood;
• hade - kawai benaye da aka yi da itace mai ƙarfi, harsashi sun kasance veneered;
• da aka yi da faranti na katako - kayan aikin ƙwararru tare da sauti mai kyau.

Kowane nau'in na iya kama da kyau, don haka veneered ya dace da masu farawa. Amma don ayyukan kide-kide yana da kyau a zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka biyu na ƙarshe.

Yadda za a zabi guitar gargajiya

Masu farawa ya kamata su kula ba kawai ga bayyanar kayan aiki ba, har ma da dabarar da ba za su kasance da sauƙin ganewa nan da nan ba:

• Dole ne jiki ya zama mara lahani, kwakwalwan kwamfuta, fasa.
• Maƙarƙashiya ko wuyan wuyansa alama ce ta nakasar da ƙarancin inganci, irin wannan guitar ba zai yiwu a kunna ba.
• Lokacin juyawa, hanyoyin peg bai kamata su matsa ba, suna jujjuya su lafiya ba tare da crunch ba.
• Tsayayyen layi daya tsari na sills.

Kuna buƙatar zaɓar kayan aiki, da aka ba girman. Misalin misali na manya shine 4/4. Tsawon irin wannan guitar na gargajiya yana da kusan santimita 100, nauyi ya fi 3 kg. Ba zai yiwu ba ga ƙaramin yaro ya yi wasa da shi, saboda haka, an haɓaka samfuran da aka ba da shawarar yin la'akari da girma da shekaru:

• 1 - ga yara daga shekaru 5;
• 3/4 - wannan nau'in ya dace da daliban makarantar firamare;
• 7/8 - amfani da daliban makarantar sakandare da mutanen da ke da ƙananan hannaye.

Lokacin zabar, kana buƙatar kula da timbre da sauti. Don haka, yana da kyau ka ɗauki mutumin da ke tare da kai zuwa kantin sayar da kayan aiki wanda zai iya kunna kayan kiɗan a kai. Kyakkyawan sauti shine mabuɗin zaɓin da ya dace.

Yadda ake kunna guitar gargajiya

A cikin shaguna na musamman, ana yin gyare-gyare a lokacin sayan. Tunanin “Spanish” na guitar kirtani 6 shine ebgdAD, inda kowane harafi yayi daidai da jerin igiyoyi daga ɗaya zuwa shida.

Ka'idar kunnawa ita ce a canza kowane kirtani zuwa sautin da ya dace a karo na biyar. Su yi sauti tare da na baya. Don kunna, kunna turakun, ɗaga sautin, ko raunana, ragewa.

Zai fi kyau ga mai farawa ya mallaki kayan aiki yayin da yake zaune a kan kujera, ya maye gurbin goyon baya a ƙarƙashin ƙafar hagu. Yana da al'ada don kunna gita na gargajiya ta hanyar faɗa ko ɗagawa, ta amfani da ƙira. Salo ya dace da aikin.

"Classic" shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don mafari. Zaren nailan sun fi sauƙin ɗauka fiye da igiyoyin ƙarfe akan sautin murya. Amma, kamar kowane kayan aiki, kuna buƙatar samun damar kula da shi. Yawan zafi ko bushewar iska yana haifar da bushewa daga jiki, kuma dole ne a tsaftace igiyoyin a kai a kai daga kura da datti. Kulawa da kyau na guitar ɗinku zai taimaka kiyaye shi daidai kuma yana da tsabta.