Cello - Kayan Aikin Kiɗa - Makarantar Dijital

Cello kayan kirtani ne na ruku'u, memba na wajaba na ƙungiyar mawaƙa na kade-kade da kuma tarin kirtani, wanda ke da fasaha mai arziƙi. Saboda sautin sautinsa mai ɗorewa da ɗorewa, ana yawan amfani da shi azaman kayan aikin solo. Ana amfani da cello sosai lokacin da ya zama dole don bayyana bakin ciki, yanke ƙauna ko zurfin waƙoƙi a cikin kiɗa, kuma a cikin wannan ba shi da daidai.

Cello (Italiyanci: violencello, abbr. cello; Jamusanci: Violoncello; Faransanci: violencelle; Turanci: cello) kayan kida ne na ruku'u na bass da tenor rajista, wanda aka sani tun farkon rabin ƙarni na 16, na tsari iri ɗaya da violin ko viola, duk da haka ya fi girma girma. The cello yana da faffadan yuwuwar bayyanawa da kuma haɓaka fasahar aiki a hankali, ana amfani da ita azaman solo, gungu da kayan kida.

Ba kamar biki da kuma viola, wanda yayi kama da kama da haka, ba a riƙe cello a hannu ba, amma an sanya shi a tsaye. Abin sha'awa, a wani lokaci an buga shi a tsaye, an ajiye shi a kan wata kujera ta musamman, kawai sai suka fito da wani ƙugiya wanda ya kwanta a ƙasa, ta haka ne ya goyi bayan kayan aiki.

Abin mamaki ne cewa kafin aikin LV Beethoven, mawaƙa ba su ba da mahimmanci ga jin daɗin wannan kayan aikin ba. Duk da haka, bayan samun karbuwa a cikin ayyukansa, cello ya dauki matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin aikin romantics da sauran mawaƙa.

Karanta tarihin cello da kuma abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa game da wannan kayan kida a shafinmu.

Sautin Cello

Samun kauri, mai arziki, farin ciki, sauti mai rai, cello sau da yawa yayi kama da katako na muryar ɗan adam. Wani lokaci yakan yi kamar a lokacin wasan kwaikwayo na solo tana magana kuma a cikin tattaunawar waƙa da ku. Game da mutum, za mu ce yana da muryar ƙirji, wato, yana fitowa daga zurfafan ƙirji, kuma watakila daga rai. Wannan sauti mai zurfi ne ke ba da mamaki ga cello.

Kasancewarta ya zama dole a lokacin da ya zama dole don jaddada bala'i ko kade-kade na wannan lokacin. Kowanne daga cikin igiyoyi hudu na cello yana da nasa sauti na musamman, na musamman gare shi. Don haka, ƙananan sautuna suna kama da muryar namiji bass, na sama sun fi laushi da dumin mace alto. Abin da ya sa wani lokacin yana ganin cewa ba kawai sauti ba, amma "magana" tare da masu sauraro.

Kewayon sauti yana rufe tazarar octave biyar daga bayanin “yi” na babban octave zuwa bayanin “mi” na octave na uku. Koyaya, sau da yawa ƙwarewar mai yin wasan yana ba ku damar ɗaukar bayanan kula sosai. An daidaita igiyoyin a kashi na biyar.

Fasahar Cello

Virtuoso cellists suna amfani da dabarun wasa masu zuwa:

masu jituwa (cire sautin sauti ta hanyar latsa kirtani da ɗan yatsa);
pizzicato (cire sauti ba tare da taimakon baka ba, ta hanyar zazzage kirtani tare da yatsunsu);
trill (buga babban bayanin kula);
legato (mai laushi, daidaitaccen sauti na bayanin kula da yawa);
babban yatsan yatsa (yana sauƙaƙa yin wasa cikin babban harka).

Tsarin wasa yana ba da shawara mai zuwa: mawaƙin yana zaune, yana sanya tsarin tsakanin ƙafafu, karkatar da jiki kaɗan zuwa jiki. Jiki yana dogara a kan capstan, yana sauƙaƙa wa mai yin wasan don riƙe kayan aiki a daidai matsayi.

Cellists suna shafa bakansu da wani nau'in rosin na musamman kafin yin wasa. Irin waɗannan ayyuka suna inganta mannewa da gashin baka da kirtani. A ƙarshen kunna kiɗa, ana cire rosin a hankali don guje wa lalacewar kayan aikin da wuri.

Cello Photo :

Facts Cello masu ban sha'awa

Kayan aiki mafi tsada a duniya shine Duport Stradivari cello. Babban ustaz Antonio Stradivari ne ya yi shi a shekara ta 1711. Duport, ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararru, ya mallaki ta tsawon shekaru har mutuwarsa, wanda shine dalilin da yasa cello ya sami suna. Ta dan dago. Akwai sigar cewa wannan alama ce ta zuriyar Napoleon. Sarkin ya bar wannan alamar a lokacin da yake ƙoƙari ya koyi yadda ake kunna wannan kayan kida kuma ya nade kafafunsa. Cello ya zauna shekaru da yawa tare da sanannen mai tarawa Baron Johann Knop. M. Rostropovich taka leda a kai tsawon shekaru 33. Ana rade-radin cewa bayan mutuwarsa, kungiyar mawakan Japan ta sayi kayan a hannun ‘yan uwansa kan dala miliyan 20, ko da yake sun musanta hakan. Wataƙila har yanzu kayan aikin yana cikin dangin mawaƙin.
Count Villegorsky ya mallaki kyawawan Stradivarius cellos guda biyu. Daya daga cikinsu ya mallaki K.Yu. Davydov, sannan Jacqueline du Pré, yanzu shahararriyar mawakiyar ce kuma mawaki Yo-Yo Ma ke buga ta.
Da zarar a Paris, an shirya gasar asali. Babban dan wasa Casals ya shiga ciki. An yi nazarin sautin tsoffin kayan aikin da masanan Guarneri da Stradivari suka yi, da kuma sautin cellos na zamani da aka yi a masana'antar. Jimillar na'urori 12 ne suka shiga gwajin. An kashe hasken don tsabtar gwajin. Menene mamakin juri da Casals kansa lokacin da, bayan sauraron sautin, alƙalai sun ba da maki 2 sau fiye da samfuran zamani don kyawun sauti fiye da tsoffin. Sai Casals ya ce: “Na fi son buga tsoffin kayan kida. Bari su rasa cikin kyawun sauti, amma suna da rai, kuma na yanzu suna da kyau ba tare da rai ba.
The cellist Pablo Casals ya ƙaunaci kuma ya lalata kayan aikinsa. A cikin baka na daya daga cikin cellos, ya saka sapphire, wanda Sarauniyar Spain ta gabatar masa.

Ƙungiyar Finnish Apocalyptika ta sami babban shahara. Kalmominta sun haɗa da dutse mai ƙarfi. Wani abin mamaki shi ne mawakan suna buga cello 4 da ganguna. Wannan amfani da wannan kayan aiki na ruku'u, wanda ko da yaushe ake la'akari da shi mai rai, taushi, ruhi, waƙa, ya kawo wa ƙungiyar shahara a duniya. A cikin sunan ƙungiyar, masu yin wasan sun haɗa kalmomi 2 Apocalypse da Metallica.
Shahararriyar zane-zane Julia Borden ta zana zane-zanenta masu ban mamaki ba akan zane ko takarda ba, amma akan violin da cellos. Don yin wannan, ta cire kirtani, ta tsaftace farfajiyar, ta tsara shi sannan ta zana zane. Me ya sa ta zaɓi irin wannan wuri mai ban mamaki don zane-zane, Julia ba za ta iya bayyana kanta ba. Ta ce da alama waɗannan kayan aikin sun ja ta zuwa gare su, wanda ya zaburar da ita don kammala aikin na gaba.
Mawaƙin Roldugin ya sayi Stuart cello, wanda maigidan Stradivarius ya yi a shekara ta 1732, akan dala miliyan 12. Mai shi na farko shine Sarki Frederick Babban na Prussia.
Farashin kayan aikin Antonio Stradivari shine mafi girma. A cikin duka, maigidan ya yi cellos 80. Har zuwa yau, a cewar masana, an adana kayan aiki 60.
Ƙungiya ta Philharmonic ta Berlin tana da mawaƙa 12. Sun shahara wajen gabatar da tsare-tsare masu yawa na shahararrun wakokin zamani a cikin rerarsu.
Kyakkyawan kallon kayan aiki an yi shi da itace. Duk da haka, wasu masanan zamani sun yanke shawarar karya ra'ayoyin. Alal misali, Louis da Clark suna yin carbon fiber cellos, kuma Alcoa yana yin cellos na aluminum tun shekarun 1930. Shi ma maigidan Jamus Pfretzschner shi ma ya tafi da shi.

A gungu na cellists daga St. Petersburg karkashin jagorancin Olga Rudneva yana da wani wajen rare abun da ke ciki. Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi 8 cellos da piano.
A cikin Disamba 2014, dan Afirka ta Kudu Karel Henn ya kafa tarihin wasan cello mafi dadewa. Ya ci gaba da wasa har tsawon sa'o'i 26 kuma ya shiga cikin Guinness Book of Records.
Mstislav Rostropovich, wani cello virtuoso na karni na 20, ya ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga ci gaba da haɓakawa na littafin cello. Ya yi sabbin ayyuka sama da ɗari a karon farko don cello.
Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun cellos shine "Sarki" wanda Andre Amati ya yi tsakanin 1538 zuwa 1560. Wannan yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin cellos kuma yana cikin gidan kayan gargajiya na Kudancin Dakota.
Ba koyaushe ana amfani da igiyoyi 4 akan kayan aikin ba, a cikin ƙarni na 17th da 18th akwai cellos mai igiya biyar a Jamus da Netherlands.
Da farko, an yi igiyoyin daga tumaki, daga baya an maye gurbinsu da na ƙarfe.