Birgit Nilsson |

Birgit Nilsson

Birgit Nilsson mawakiya ce ta wasan opera ta Sweden kuma mai wasan soprano mai ban mamaki. Daya daga cikin shahararrun mawakan opera na rabin na biyu na karni na 20. Ta sami karɓuwa ta musamman a matsayin fitacciyar mai fassara waƙar Wagner. A kololuwar sana'arta, Nilsson ta burge da rashin ƙoƙarin muryarta wanda ya mamaye ƙungiyar makaɗa, da kuma sarrafa numfashi na ban mamaki, wanda ya ba ta damar riƙe rubutu na dogon lokaci mai ban mamaki. A cikin abokan aikinta an san ta da wasan raha da kuma halin jagoranci.

An haifi Marta Birgit Nilsson a ranar 17 ga Mayu, 1918 a cikin dangin ƙauye kuma ta yi duk lokacin yarinta a gona a garin Vestra Karup, a lardin Skane, mai tazarar kilomita 100 daga birnin Malmö. Babu wutar lantarki ko ruwan fanfo a gona, kamar sauran yaran manoma, tun suna kanana ta taimaka wa iyayenta wajen tafiyar da gida - shuka da girbi kayan lambu, shanun nono, kula da sauran dabbobi da yin ayyukan gida da suka dace. Ita kaɗai ce ɗa a gidan, kuma mahaifin Birgit Nils Peter Swenson ya yi fatan cewa za ta zama magajinsa a wannan aikin. Birgit tana son rera waƙa tun lokacin ƙuruciya kuma, a cikin kalmominta, ta fara rera waƙa kafin ta iya tafiya, ta gaji basirarta daga mahaifiyarta Justina Paulson, wacce ke da kyakkyawar murya kuma ta san yadda ake wasa da accordion. A ranar haihuwarta ta huɗu, Birgit, ma’aikaciyar hayar kuma kusan ‘yar gidan Otto, ta ba ta piano abin wasan yara, ganin yadda take sha’awar kiɗa, ba da daɗewa ba mahaifinta ya ba ta gabo. Iyaye sun kasance suna alfahari da basirar 'yarsu, kuma ta kan yi waƙa a gida don baƙi, hutun ƙauye da kuma a makarantar firamare. Sa’ad da take matashiya, tun tana shekara 14, ta yi wasa a ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta coci da kuma ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo mai son a cikin garin Bastad da ke makwabtaka da ita. Kantor ya ja hankali ga iyawarta kuma ya nuna Birgit ga wani malamin rera waƙa da kiɗa daga garin Astorp Ragnar Blenov, wanda nan da nan ya gane iyawarta kuma ya ce: “Ba shakka budurwar za ta zama babbar mawaƙa.” A shekarar 1939, ta yi karatun waka a wurinsa, kuma ya shawarce ta da ta kara bunkasa iyawarta.

A 1941, Birgit Nilsson shiga Royal Academy of Music a Stockholm. Mahaifin ya saba wa wannan zabi, yana fatan Birgit ta ci gaba da aikinsa kuma ta gaji karfin tattalin arzikinsu, ya ki biyan kudin karatunta. Mahaifiyar ce ta ware kudin karatu daga asusun ajiyarta. Abin baƙin cikin shine, Justina ba ta sami cikakkiyar jin daɗin nasarar 'yarta ba, a cikin 1949 motar ta buge ta, wannan taron ya lalata Birgit, amma ya ƙarfafa dangantakar su da mahaifinta.

A shekara ta 1945, yayin da Birgit ke ci gaba da karatu a makarantar, ta sadu da Bertil Niklason, dalibi a kwalejin likitancin dabbobi, a cikin jirgin, nan da nan suka yi soyayya kuma nan da nan ya gabatar da ita, a 1948 suka yi aure. Birgit da Bertil sun kasance tare duk rayuwarsu. Wani lokaci yakan yi mata rakiya a wasu tafiye-tafiye a duniya, amma sau da yawa yakan zauna yana aiki a gida. Bertil ba shi da sha'awar kiɗa musamman, duk da haka, ya kasance koyaushe yana yarda da hazakar matarsa ​​kuma yana goyon bayan Birgit a aikinta, kamar yadda ta goyi bayan aikinsa. Birgit ba ta taɓa yin nazari a gida tare da mijinta ba: "Wadannan ma'auni marasa iyaka na iya lalata yawancin aure, ko aƙalla yawancin jijiyoyi," in ji ta. A gida, ta sami kwanciyar hankali kuma tana iya raba ra'ayoyinta tare da Bertil, ta yaba da gaskiyar cewa ya ɗauke ta kamar mace ta gari, kuma bai taɓa sanya "babban opera diva" a kan tudu ba. Ba su da yara.

A Royal Academy, malaman muryar Birgit Nilsson sune Joseph Hislop da Arne Sanegard. Duk da haka, ta ɗauki kanta a matsayin mai koyar da kanta kuma ta ce: "Mafi kyawun malami shine mataki." Ta yi watsi da karatunta na farko kuma ta danganta nasarar da ta samu ga hazaka: “Malamin waka na farko ya kusa kashe ni, na biyun ya kusan muni.”

Birgit Nilsson ta halarta a karon a kan opera mataki ya faru a Royal Opera House a Stockholm a 1946, a cikin rawar da Agatha a KM Weber ta "Free Shooter", an gayyace ta kwana uku kafin wasan kwaikwayon don maye gurbin da rashin lafiya actress. Shugaba Leo Blech bai gamsu da aikinta ba, kuma har wani lokaci ba a amince da ita da wasu ayyukan ba. A shekara mai zuwa (1947) ta samu nasarar wucewa wasan, a wannan lokacin akwai isasshen lokaci, ta shirya sosai kuma ta yi rawar gani a cikin Verdi's Lady Macbeth a ƙarƙashin sandar Fritz Busch. Ta sami karɓuwa daga masu sauraron Sweden kuma ta sami gindin zama a cikin ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin Stockholm, ta ƙirƙiri ingantaccen repertoire na rawar ban mamaki, gami da Donna Anna daga Mozart's Don Giovanni, Verdi's Aida, Puccini's Tosca, Sieglind daga Wagner's Valkyrie, Marshall daga Strauss's The Rosenkavalier da sauransu, suna yin su cikin Yaren mutanen Sweden. harshe.

Fritz Busch ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka aikin Birgit Nilsson, wanda ya gabatar da ita a Glyndebourne Opera Festival a 1951 a matsayin Elektra daga Mozart's Idomeneo, Sarkin Crete. A shekara ta 1953, Nilsson ta fara halarta a cikin Opera na Jihar Vienna - wani canji ne a cikin aikinta, ta ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a can fiye da shekaru 25. Wannan ya biyo bayan matsayin Elsa na Brabant a Wagner's Lohengrin a Bikin Bayreuth da Brunnhilde ta farko a cikin cikakken zagayowar Der Ring des Nibelungen a Opera na Jihar Bavaria. A cikin 1957, ta fara fitowa a Covent Garden a irin wannan rawar.

Daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin m rayuwa Birgit Nilsson yayi la'akari da gayyatar zuwa ga bude na opera kakar a La Scala a 1958, a cikin rawar da Gimbiya Turandot G. Puccini, a wancan lokacin ta kasance na biyu ba Italiyanci mawaƙa a cikin. tarihi bayan Maria Callas, wanda aka ba da damar bude kakar wasa a La Scala. A cikin 1959, Nilsson ta fara fitowa a Metropolitan Opera a matsayin Isolde a Wagner's Tristan und Isolde, kuma ta gaji soprano na Norway Kirsten Flagstad a cikin repertoire na Wagner.

Birgit Nilsson ita ce jagorar soprano na Wagnerian na zamaninta. Duk da haka, ta kuma yi wasu shahararru ayyuka, a cikin jimlar ta repertore hada da fiye da 25 rawar. Ta yi wasa a kusan dukkanin manyan gidajen wasan opera na duniya, ciki har da Moscow, Vienna, Berlin, London, New York, Paris, Milan, Chicago, Tokyo, Hamburg, Munich, Florence, Buenos Aires da sauransu. Kamar duk mawakan opera, ban da wasan kwaikwayo, Birgit Nilsson ta ba da kide-kide na solo. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wasan kwaikwayo na Birgit Nilsson shine wasan kwaikwayo tare da ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Sydney Symphony wanda Charles Mackeras ya gudanar tare da shirin "All Wagner". Wannan shi ne karon farko na bude kide-kide na gidan kide-kide na Sydney Opera House a shekarar 1973 a gaban Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu.

Aikin Birgit Nilsson ya dade sosai, ta yi kusan shekaru arba'in a duk duniya. A cikin 1982, Birgit Nilsson ta fito ta ƙarshe a matakin wasan opera a Frankfurt am Main a matsayin Elektra. An shirya bankwana mai ban sha'awa ga matakin tare da wasan opera "Mace Ba Tare da Inuwa" na R. Strauss a Opera na Jihar Vienna, duk da haka, Birgit ta soke wasan. Don haka, wasan kwaikwayo a Frankfurt shine na ƙarshe akan matakin wasan opera. A cikin 1984, ta yi rangadin wasan kwaikwayo na ƙarshe a Jamus kuma a ƙarshe ta bar babban kiɗa. Birgit Nilsson ta koma ƙasarta ta haihuwa kuma ta ci gaba da gudanar da kide-kide na sadaka, gami da matasa mawaƙa, don ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta gida, wacce ta fara a 1955 kuma ta shahara da yawancin masoya opera. Ta gudanar da irin wannan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙarshe a matsayin mai nishadantarwa a cikin 2001.

Birgit Nilsson ta yi rayuwa mai tsawo da ban mamaki. Ta rasu cikin kwanciyar hankali a gidanta a ranar 25 ga Disamba, 2005, tana da shekaru 87. Waƙarta na ci gaba da zaburar da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, masu sha'awar wasan opera da masu sha'awar wasan opera a duniya.

An yaba da cancantar Birgit Nilsson daga yawancin lambobin yabo na jihohi da na jama'a daga kasashe daban-daban, ciki har da Sweden, Denmark, Faransa, Jamus, Austria, Norway, Amurka, Ingila, Spain da sauransu. Ta kasance memba na girmamawa na makarantun kiɗa da al'ummomi da yawa. Sweden tana shirin fitar da takardar banki ta 2014-krona a cikin 500 tare da hoton Birgit Nilsson.

Birgit Nilsson ta shirya wani asusu don tallafawa matasa ƙwararrun mawaƙa na Sweden kuma ta nada su tallafin karatu daga asusun. An ba da tallafin karatu na farko a cikin 1973 kuma ana ci gaba da biyan kuɗi a kan ci gaba har zuwa yanzu. Gidauniyar guda ta shirya "Birgit Nilsson Award", wanda aka yi niyya ga mutumin da ya samu, a cikin ma'ana, wani abu mai ban mamaki a duniyar wasan opera. Ana ba da wannan lambar yabo a duk shekara 2-3, dala miliyan ɗaya kuma ita ce lambar yabo mafi girma a cikin kiɗa. Bisa ga wasiyyar Birgit Nilsson, an fara bayar da kyautar ne shekaru uku bayan mutuwarta, ta zabi maigidan na farko da kanta kuma ya zama Placido Domingo, babban mawaki kuma abokin aikinta a cikin wasan opera, wanda ya karbi lambar yabo a 2009 daga 2011. hannun Sarki Charles XVI na Sweden. Na biyu da ya karbi kyautar a shekarar XNUMX shi ne madugu Riccardo Muti.