Alexander Varlamov (Alexander Varlamov) |

Alexander Varlamov

Ƙaunar soyayya da waƙoƙin A. Varlamov shafi ne mai haske a cikin kiɗan muryar Rasha. Mawaƙin gwanin waƙa na ban mamaki, ya ƙirƙira ayyukan fasaha mai girma, wanda ya sami shaharar da ba kasafai ba. Wanene bai san waƙoƙin waƙoƙin "Red Sundress", "A gefen titi wani hadari na dusar ƙanƙara yana sharewa" ko romances "Tsarin jirgin ruwa ya zama fari", "Da wayewar gari, kar ku tashe ta"? Kamar yadda wani zamani ya faɗa daidai, waƙoƙinsa "tare da ƙa'idodin Rasha zalla sun zama sananne." Shahararriyar "Red Sarafan" an rera waka "da kowane nau'i - duka a cikin dakin wani mai daraja da kuma a cikin bukkar kaji na manoma", har ma an kama shi a cikin shahararren shahararren Rasha. Har ila yau, kiɗan Varlamov yana nunawa a cikin almara: romances na mawaƙa, a matsayin wani abu mai mahimmanci na rayuwar yau da kullum, an gabatar da su a cikin ayyukan marubuta da yawa - N. Gogol, I. Turgenev, N. Nekrasov, N. Leskov, I. Bunin har ma da mawallafa. marubucin Ingilishi J. Galsworthy ( labari "Ƙarshen Babi"). Amma abin da mawaƙin ya yi bai yi farin ciki ba fiye da makomar waƙarsa.

Varlamov an haife shi a cikin iyali matalauta. Hazakarsa ta kida ta bayyana kanta da wuri: ya koya da kansa ya koyi buga violin - ya ɗauki waƙoƙin jama'a ta kunne. Kyakkyawan muryar yaron yaron ya ƙayyade makomarsa ta gaba: yana da shekaru 9 an shigar da shi a Kotun St. A cikin wannan ƙungiyar mawaƙa mai ban sha'awa, Varlamov ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin jagorancin darektan ɗakin sujada, fitaccen mawaki na Rasha D. Bortnyansky. Ba da da ewa Varlamov ya zama mawaƙa soloist, koyi wasa da piano, cello, da kuma guitar.

A cikin 1819, an aika matashin mawaƙin zuwa Holland a matsayin malamin mawaƙa a cocin ofishin jakadancin Rasha a Hague. Duniya na sabon ra'ayi iri-iri yana buɗewa a gaban saurayi: sau da yawa yakan halarci wasan opera da kide-kide. har ma yana yin waƙa a bainar jama'a a matsayin mawaƙa da mawaƙa. Sa'an nan, ta hanyar shigar da kansa, "ya yi nazarin ka'idar kiɗa da gangan." Bayan dawowarsa zuwa mahaifarsa (1823), Varlamov ya koyar a St. Ba da da ewa, a cikin zauren na Philharmonic Society, ya ba da kide-kide na farko a Rasha, inda ya gudanar da kade-kade da choral ayyukan da kuma yin a matsayin mawaƙa. Ganawa tare da M. Glinka sun taka muhimmiyar rawa - sun ba da gudummawa ga samar da ra'ayoyin masu zaman kansu na matashin mawaki game da ci gaban fasahar Rasha.

A 1832, Varlamov aka gayyace a matsayin mataimaki ga shugaba na Moscow Imperial Theatre, sa'an nan ya samu matsayi na "mawakiyar music." Ya shiga cikin da'irar masu fasaha na Moscow da sauri, a cikin abin da akwai mutane da yawa masu basira, masu basira da basira: 'yan wasan kwaikwayo M. Shchepkin, P. Mochalov; mawaƙa A. Gurilev, A. Verstovsky; mawaki N. Tsyganov; marubuta M. Zagoskin, N. Polevoy; singer A. Bantyshev da sauransu. An haɗa su da ƙwaƙƙwaran kida, waƙa, da fasahar jama'a.

Varlamov ya rubuta: "Kiɗa yana buƙatar rai, kuma ɗan Rasha yana da ita, hujjar ita ce waƙoƙin jama'a." A cikin wadannan shekaru Varlamov ya hada "The Red Sundress", "Oh, yana jin zafi, amma yana jin zafi", "Wace irin zuciya ce wannan", "Kada ku yi hayaniya, iska mai tashin hankali", "Abin da ya zama hazo, wayewar gari. a sarari” da sauran na soyayya da kuma songs kunshe a cikin " Musical album for 1833" da kuma daukaka sunan mawaki. Yayin da yake aiki a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo, Varlamov ya rubuta kiɗa don abubuwa masu ban mamaki da yawa ("Matar Biyu" da "Roslavlev" na A. Shakhovsky - na biyu bisa ga labari na M. Zagoskin; "Prince Silver" bisa labarin "Hare-hare" by A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky; "Esmeralda" bisa ga labari "Notre Dame Cathedral" na V. Hugo, "Hamlet" na V. Shakespeare). Shirye-shiryen bala'in Shakespeare wani lamari ne mai ban mamaki. V. Belinsky, wanda ya halarci wannan wasan sau 7, ya rubuta cikin sha'awa game da fassarar Polevoy, wasan kwaikwayon Mochalov a matsayin Hamlet, game da waƙar mahaukaciyar Ophelia ...

Ballet kuma yana sha'awar Varlamov. 2 daga cikin ayyukansa a cikin wannan nau'in - "Fun na Sultan, ko mai siyar da bayi" da "The Cunning Boy and the Ogre", wanda aka rubuta tare da A. Guryanov bisa tatsuniya na Ch. Perrault "Yaron-da-yatsa", sun kasance a kan mataki na Bolshoi Theater. Mawaƙin ya kuma so ya rubuta wasan opera – ya burge shi da shirin waƙar A. Mickiewicz “Konrad Wallenrod”, amma ra’ayin ya kasance ba a gane ba.

Ayyukan Varlamov bai tsaya a duk rayuwarsa ba. Ya yi tsari bisa tsari a cikin kide-kide, galibi a matsayin mawaka. Mawaƙin yana da ƙarami, amma kyakkyawan tenor a cikin timbre, waƙarsa ta bambanta ta hanyar kida da gaskiya. "Ya bayyana ba zato ba tsammani ... soyayyarsa," daya daga cikin abokansa ya ce.

Varlamov kuma an san shi sosai a matsayin malamin murya. "Makarantar Waƙa" (1840) - babban aiki na farko a Rasha a wannan yanki - bai rasa muhimmancinsa ba har yanzu.

Shekaru 3 na ƙarshe Varlamov ya yi a St. Petersburg, inda ya yi fatan sake zama malami a cikin Singing Chapel. Wannan buri bai cika ba, rayuwa ta yi wuya. Shahararriyar mawakin ba ta kare shi daga talauci da bacin rai ba. Ya rasu ne sakamakon cutar tarin fuka yana da shekaru 47 a duniya.

Babban, mafi muhimmanci na Varlamov ta m al'adunmu ne romances da songs (game da 200, ciki har da ensembles). Da'irar mawaƙa tana da faɗi sosai: A. Pushkin, M. Lermontov, V. Zhukovsky, A. Delvig, A. Polezhaev, A. Timofeev, N. Tsyganov. Varlamov ya buɗe don kiɗan Rasha A. Koltsov, A. Pleshcheev, A. Fet, M. Mikhailov. Kamar A. Dargomyzhsky, yana daya daga cikin na farko da ya yi magana da Lermontov; Har ila yau an ja hankalin hankalinsa ta fassarori daga IV Goethe, G. Heine, P. Beranger.

Varlamov mawaƙi ne, mawaƙin ɗan adam mai sauƙi, fasaharsa ta nuna tunani da buri na mutanen zamaninsa, ya dace da yanayin ruhaniya na zamanin 1830s. "Kishirwa ga guguwa" a cikin soyayya "Tsarin jirgin ruwa ya zama fari" ko yanayin mummunan bala'i a cikin soyayya "Yana da wuya, babu ƙarfi" hotuna-halayen halayen Varlamov. Abubuwan da suka faru na lokacin sun shafi duka sha'awar soyayya da buɗaɗɗen ra'ayi na kalmomin Varlamov. Kewayon sa yana da faɗi sosai: daga haske, launi na ruwa a cikin yanayin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi "Ina son kallon dare mai haske" zuwa ga ban mamaki mai ban mamaki "Kun tafi".

Ayyukan Varlamov ba su da alaƙa da al'adun kiɗa na yau da kullun, tare da waƙoƙin jama'a. Ƙarƙashin ƙasa, da dabara yana nuna fasalin kiɗan sa - a cikin harshe, a cikin al'amarin, cikin tsari na alama. Yawancin hotuna na soyayya na Varlamov, da kuma wasu fasahohin kida da ke da alaƙa da waƙar waƙa, an tsara su zuwa gaba, kuma ikon mawaƙin na haɓaka kiɗan yau da kullun zuwa matakin fasaha na fasaha na gaske ya cancanci kulawa har yau.

N. Zane