Bagpipe Irish: tsarin kayan aiki, tarihi, sauti, fasaha na wasa

An yi imanin cewa wannan kayan kida na iska ya dace kawai don yin kiɗan jama'a. A haƙiƙa, ƙarfinsa ya daɗe da wuce gona da iri na ingantattun waƙoƙi, kuma ana amfani da jakar Irish a cikin salo da nau'ikan iri daban-daban.

Na'urar

Saboda na'urarsa da iya aiki, buhun Irish ana ɗaukarsa mafi haɓaka a duniya. Ya bambanta da na Scotland ta hanyar ka'idar allurar iska - jakar furs tana tsakanin gwiwar gwiwar hannu da jikin mawaƙa, kuma iska tana zuwa lokacin da aka danna masa gwiwa. A cikin sigar Scotland, busa yana faruwa ne ta baki kawai. Sabili da haka, ana kuma kiran kayan aikin "bututun uilleann" - bagpipe na gwiwar hannu.

Kayan aiki yana da rikitarwa. Ya ƙunshi jakunkuna da Jawo, chanter - babban bututu wanda ke yin aikin melodic, bututun bourdon guda uku da adadin masu daidaitawa. Akwai ramuka guda bakwai a gefen gaba na waƙar, ɗayan kuma an manne da babban yatsan hannu kuma yana gefen baya. Tushen melodic yana sanye da bawuloli, godiya ga abin da kewayon sa yana da yawa - biyu, wani lokacin har ma da octaves uku. Idan aka kwatanta, buhunan jakar Scotland na iya yin sauti a cikin kewayon sama da octave ɗaya kawai.

Ana shigar da bututun Bourdon a cikin tushe, wanda ke da maɓalli na musamman, tare da taimakon abin da aka kashe ko kunna bourdons. Lokacin da aka kunna su, suna ba da ci gaba da bayanan kida na sautuna 1-3, wanda ke da alaƙa ga bututun na banza. Fadada iyawar buhunan buhunan Irish da masu gudanarwa. Ana buƙatar waɗannan bututu masu maɓalli domin mawaƙin ya iya raka mawaƙa da mawaƙa.

Kada a rikita kayan aiki tare da bututun soja. Wannan shi ne wani bambanci na Scotland highland bagpipe, babban bambancinsa shi ne cewa an sanye take da guda bourdon bututu, kuma ba uku, kamar a cikin samfur.

Tarihi

An san cewa an yi amfani da kayan aiki a farkon karni na XNUMX, an dauke shi a matsayin ɗan ƙasa, talakawa. A farkon karni na XNUMX, sun shiga rayuwar yau da kullun na matsakaicin matsakaici, sun zama babban kayan aiki a cikin nau'ikan ƙasa, suna korar ko da garaya. A cikin sigar da muke gani yanzu, bututun jaka ya bayyana a cikin karni na XNUMX. Tashe-tashen hankula ne cikin sauri, zamanin bututun bututun ruwa, wanda ya zama banza da sauri yayin da ya shigo da kayan aikin cikin sahun mafi shahara a kasar.

Tsakanin karni na 19 ya kasance lokaci mai wahala ga Ireland, wanda a cikin tarihi ake kira "yunwar dankalin turawa". Kimanin mutane miliyan daya ne suka mutu, adadin ya yi hijira. Mutane ba su kai ga kiɗa da al'adu ba. Talauci da yunwa ne suka haifar da annoba da ta kashe mutane. Yawan al'ummar kasar ya ragu da kashi 25 cikin XNUMX a cikin 'yan shekaru kadan.

A farkon karni na XNUMX, halin da ake ciki ya daidaita, mazauna kasar sun fara farfadowa daga mummunan shekaru. Wakilan daular bagpiper sun farfado da al'adun wasan kwaikwayo. Leo Rous ya koyar da kayan aikin a Makarantar Kiɗa na Municipal Dublin kuma ya kasance shugaban kulob. Kuma Johnny Doran ya haɓaka salon wasansa na “sauri” kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane kaɗan waɗanda za su iya buga buhun buhu yayin da suke zaune.

Dabarun wasa

Mawaƙin yana zaune, yana ajiye jakar a ƙarƙashin gwiwar hannu, kuma mai rera a matakin cinyar dama. Tilasta iska tare da motsi na gwiwar hannu, yana ƙara matsa lamba, buɗe damar zuwa kwarara zuwa babban octave. Yatsun hannaye biyu suna tsunkule ramukan kan mawaƙin, kuma wuyan hannu yana da hannu wajen sarrafa bourdons da kunna masu sarrafa.

Akwai ƙananan masana'antar jakar buhun Irish a duniya. Har zuwa yanzu, ana yin su akai-akai, don haka kayan aiki yana da tsada. Don masu farawa, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da lokuttan horo, wanda ya ƙunshi jaka da bututu guda ɗaya, kuma bayan ƙware mafi sauƙin zaɓi, ci gaba zuwa bambance-bambancen akan cikakken saiti.