Alexander Nikolayevich Serov (Alexander Serov) |

Alexander Serov

Duk rayuwarsa hidima ce ga fasaha, kuma ya sadaukar da komai a gare shi… V. Stasov

A. Serov sanannen mawaki ne na Rasha, fitaccen mai sukar kiɗa, ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ilimin kidan Rasha. Ya rubuta operas 3, cantatas 2, orchestral, kayan aiki, mawaƙa, ayyukan murya, kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo na ban mamaki, shirye-shiryen waƙoƙin jama'a. Shi ne marubucin gagarumin adadin ayyuka masu mahimmanci na kiɗa.

An haifi Serov a cikin dangin wani babban jami'in gwamnati. Tun daga ƙuruciyar yaro, yaron ya nuna sha'awar fasaha da sha'awa iri-iri, waɗanda iyayensa suka ƙarfafa ta kowace hanya. Gaskiya ne, da yawa daga baya, uban zai yi adawa sosai - har zuwa wani rikici mai tsanani - karatun kiɗa na ɗansa, yana la'akari da su ba tare da wata matsala ba.

A cikin 1835-40. Serov karatu a School of Law. A can ya sadu da V. Stasov, wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya girma zuwa abokantaka. Rubuce-rubucen tsakanin Serov da Stasov na waɗannan shekarun wani takarda ne mai ban mamaki na samuwar da ci gaban fitattun fitattun masu sukar kiɗa na Rasha. "A gare mu duka biyu," Stasov ya rubuta bayan mutuwar Serov, "wannan wasika yana da matukar muhimmanci - mun taimaka wa juna don bunkasa ba kawai a cikin kiɗa ba, amma a duk sauran abubuwa." A cikin waɗancan shekarun, Serov ya nuna damar iya yin aiki: ya sami nasarar koyon wasan piano da cello, kuma ya fara koyar da ƙarshen kawai a makaranta. Bayan kammala karatunsa, aikinsa ya fara. Majalisar Dattawa, Ma'aikatar Shari'a, sabis a Simferopol da Pskov, Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida, Ofishin Jakadancin St. daga Serov ta sosai suna fadin aiki, wanda, duk da haka, ba shi da, duk da haka, a gare shi, ban da albashi, wani tsanani darajar. Babban mahimmanci da ƙaddara shine kiɗa, wanda ya so ya sadaukar da kansa ba tare da wata alama ba.

Serov composing balagagge yana da wahala kuma a hankali, wannan ya faru ne saboda rashin ingantaccen horo na ƙwararru. A farkon 40s. sun haɗa da opuses na farko: 2 sonatas, romances, da kuma kwafin piano na manyan ayyukan JS Bach, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven da sauran mawaƙa na gargajiya. Tuni a wancan lokacin Serov ya sha'awar shirye-shiryen opera, ko da yake sun kasance ba su cika ba. Mafi mahimmancin ayyukan da ba a gama ba shine wasan opera "May Night" (bayan N. Gogol). Ɗaya daga cikin abin da ya faru ya tsira har zuwa yau - Addu'ar Ganna, wanda shine aikin farko na Serov, wanda aka yi a wani taron jama'a a 1851. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya fara halarta a cikin filin wasa mai mahimmanci. A cikin ɗaya daga cikin labaransa, Serov ya tsara aikinsa a matsayin mai suka: "Ilimin kiɗa a tsakanin yawan masu karatu na Rasha yana da wuya sosai ... kokarin game da yaduwar wannan ilimi, dole ne mu kuma kula da cewa jama'armu masu karatu suna da ra'ayoyin da suka dace game da kowa, ko da yake mafi mahimmancin al'amurran fasaha na kiɗa, tun da idan ba tare da wannan bayanin ba duk wani ra'ayi na gaskiya na kiɗa, masu tsarawa da masu yin ba zai yiwu ba. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa Serov ne ya gabatar da kalmar "musicology" a cikin wallafe-wallafen Rasha. Yawancin batutuwa masu mahimmanci na kiɗa na zamani na Rasha da na waje suna tasowa a cikin ayyukansa: aikin Glinka da Wagner, Mozart da Beethoven, Dargomyzhsky da mawaƙa na Mabuwayi Hannu, da dai sauransu A farkon kafa sabuwar makarantar kiɗa na Rasha. Yana da dangantaka da shi a hankali, amma nan da nan Serov da Kuchkist suka rabu, dangantakarsu ta zama abokan gaba, kuma wannan ya haifar da hutu tare da Stasov.

Ayyukan jama'a na guguwa, wanda ya dauki lokaci mai yawa Serov, duk da haka bai raunana sha'awar yin kiɗa ba. "Na kawo kaina," in ji shi a 1860, "wasu sanannun ta hanyar yin suna ga kaina tare da masu sukar kiɗa, rubuta game da kiɗa, amma babban aikin rayuwata ba zai kasance a cikin wannan ba, amma a cikin kere kere na kiɗa“. 60s ya zama shekaru goma wanda ya kawo shahara ga mawaki Serov. A shekara ta 1862, an kammala wasan opera Judith, wanda mawallafinsa ya dogara ne akan wasan kwaikwayo na wannan suna na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Italiya P. Giacometti. A cikin 1865 - "Rogneda", sadaukar da abubuwan da suka faru daga tarihin tsohuwar Rasha. Wasan opera ta ƙarshe ita ce Ƙarfin Maƙiyi (mutuwa ta katse aikin, wasan opera ya ƙare V. Serova, matar mawaki, da N. Solovyov), wanda aka kirkira bisa wasan kwaikwayo na AN Ostrovsky "Kada ku rayu kamar yadda kuke so."

An gudanar da duk wasan operas na Serov a St. Petersburg a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mariinsky kuma sun yi nasara sosai. A cikinsu, mawaki ya yi ƙoƙari ya haɗa ka'idodin Wagner mai ban mamaki da al'adar wasan kwaikwayo ta kasa da ta fito. "Judith" da "Rogneda" da aka halitta da farko mataki a kan mataki a wannan bi da bi, a lokacin da m mataki halittar Glinka da Dargomyzhsky (sai dai "The Stone Guest") da operas na "Kuchkist" composers da kuma operas. P. Tchaikovsky bai bayyana ba tukuna. Serov ya kasa ƙirƙirar nasa salon da ya ƙare. Akwai da yawa eclecticism a cikin operas nasa, ko da yake a cikin mafi kyawun shirye-shirye, musamman ma nuna rayuwar jama'a, yana samun babban fa'ida da haske. A tsawon lokaci, Serov mai suka ya mamaye Serov mawaki. Duk da haka, wannan ba zai iya ƙetare mahimmancin da ke cikin kiɗansa ba, ainihin basira da asali.

A. Nazarov