Alexander Iosifovich Baturin |

Alexander Baturin

Haihuwar Alexander Iosifovich shine garin Oshmyany, kusa da Vilnius (Lithuania). Mawaƙin nan gaba ya fito daga dangin malamin karkara. Mahaifinsa ya rasu a lokacin da Baturin ya kai shekara daya. A cikin hannun mahaifiyar, ban da ɗan ƙaramin Sasha, akwai ƙarin yara uku, kuma rayuwar iyali ta ci gaba da buƙata. A 1911, Baturin iyali koma Odessa, inda 'yan shekaru daga baya singer shiga auto makanikai darussa. Don taimaka wa mahaifiyarsa, ya fara aiki a gareji kuma yana tuka motoci yana da shekaru goma sha biyar. Ya yi ta fama da injin, matashin direban yana son yin waƙa. Wata rana, ya lura cewa abokan aiki a wurin aiki sun taru a kusa da shi, suna sauraron kyakkyawar muryarsa. A dagewar abokai Alexander Iosifovich yi a wani mai son maraice a gareji. Nasarar ta kasance mai mahimmanci da aka gayyaci ƙwararrun mawaƙa a maraice na gaba, waɗanda suka yaba da AI Baturin sosai. Daga ƙungiyar ma'aikatan sufuri, mai rairayi na gaba yana karɓar mai neman karatu a Petrograd Conservatory.

Bayan sauraron waƙar Baturin, Alexander Konstantinovich Glazunov, wanda a lokacin shi ne rector na Conservatory, ya ba da wannan ƙarshe: "Baturin yana da ban mamaki kyakkyawa, ƙarfi da ƙarar murya na katako mai dumi da wadata ..." Bayan jarrabawar shiga, An shigar da mawaƙa a cikin aji na Farfesa I. Tartakov. Baturin yayi karatu sosai a lokacin har ma ya samu gurbin karatu. Borodin. A 1924, Baturin ya sauke karatu tare da girmamawa daga Petrograd Conservatory. A jarrabawar karshe, AK Glazunov ya rubuta: "Madalla da murya mai kyau na katako, mai karfi da m. Hazaka mai hazaka. Share ƙamus. Filastik sanarwa. 5+ (five plus). The People's Commissar for Education, da sanin kansa da wannan kima na sanannen mawaki, aika da matasa singer zuwa Roma don inganta. A can, Alexander Iosifovich ya shiga Santa Cecilia Academy of Music, inda ya yi karatu a karkashin jagorancin sanannen Mattia Battistini. A cikin La Scala na Milan, matashin mawaƙin yana rera sassan Don Basilio da Philip II a Don Carlos, sannan ya yi a cikin operas Bastien da Bastienne na Mozart da Gluck's Knees. Baturin ya kuma ziyarci wasu biranen Italiya, yana shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Verdi's Requiem (Palermo), yana yin kide-kide na kade-kade. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Roma, mawakin ya yi rangadin Turai, ya ziyarci Faransa, Belgium da Jamus, sannan ya koma ƙasarsa kuma a cikin 1927 ya shiga cikin wasan soloist a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi.

Ayyukansa na farko a Moscow shine Melnik (Mermaid). Tun daga nan, Alexander Iosifovich ya yi ayyuka da yawa a kan mataki na Bolshoi. Yana rera duka bass da sassan baritone, saboda kewayon muryarsa yana da faɗi da yawa kuma yana ba shi damar jure wa sassan Prince Igor da Gremin, Escamillo da Ruslan, Demon da Mephistopheles. Irin wannan faffadan ya samo asali ne sakamakon kwazon da mawakin ya yi wajen samar da muryarsa. Tabbas, kyakkyawar makarantar murya da Baturin ya shiga, da ikon da ya samu na yin amfani da rajistar murya daban-daban, da kuma nazarin dabarun kimiyyar sauti su ma sun yi tasiri. Mawaƙin yana aiki sosai a kan hotunan opera na Rasha. Masu sauraro da masu suka musamman lura da hotuna da aka halitta da artist na Pimen a Boris Godunov, Dosifei a Khovanshchina, Tomsky a cikin Sarauniya Spades.

Tare da jin dadi, Alexander Iosifovich tuna NS Golovanov, wanda a karkashin jagorancinsa ya shirya sassan Prince Igor, Pimen, Ruslan da Tomsky. Ƙirƙirar mawaƙin ya haɓaka ta hanyar saninsa da tarihin Rasha. AI Baturin da raira ya rera waƙoƙin jama'a na Rasha. Kamar yadda masu sukar waɗannan shekarun suka lura: "Hey, bari mu gangara" da kuma "A tare da Piterskaya" sun sami nasara musamman ..." A lokacin Babban Yaƙin Patriotic, lokacin da aka kwashe gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi a Kuibyshev (Samara), wanda ya samar da wasan opera. J. Rossini "William Gaya". Alexander Iosifovich, wanda ya yi da take rawa, ya yi magana game da wannan aikin kamar haka: "Ina so in haifar da wani m image na m mayaƙi da azzaluman mutanensa, m kare mahaifarsa. Na yi nazarin kayan na dogon lokaci, na yi ƙoƙari na ji ruhun zamanin domin in zana hoton gaskiya na jarumin mutane masu daraja. Tabbas, aikin tunani ya ba da ’ya’ya.

Baturin ya mai da hankali sosai don yin aiki a kan babban repertoire na ɗakin. Tare da sha'awa, mawaƙin ya yi ayyukan mawaƙa na zamani. Ya zama dan wasan farko na soyayya shida da DD Shostakovich ya sadaukar da shi. AI Baturin kuma ya halarci shagalin ban dariya. Daga cikin nasarorin da mawaƙin ya samu, masu zamani sun danganta rawar da ya yi na solo a cikin Beethoven's Ninth Symphony da Shaporin's symphony-cantata "A filin Kulikovo". Alexander Iosifovich kuma alamar tauraro a cikin uku fina-finai: "A Simple Case", "Concert Waltz" da "Duniya".

Bayan yakin, AI Baturin ya koyar da wani aji na solo singing a Moscow Conservatory (N. Gyaurov yana cikin dalibansa). Har ila yau, ya shirya aikin kimiyya da tsarin aikin "Makarantar Waƙa", a cikinsa ya nemi ya tsara kwarewarsa mai yawa kuma ya ba da cikakken bayani game da hanyoyin koyarwa na waƙa. Tare da halartarsa, an ƙirƙiri wani fim na musamman, wanda a cikinsa ya shafi batutuwan ka'idar murya da aiki. Na dogon lokaci a Bolshoi Theatre, Baturin yi aiki a matsayin mashawarci malami.

Hoton AI Baturin:

1. Sarauniyar Spades, farkon cikakken rikodin wasan opera a cikin 1937, rawar Tomsky, ƙungiyar mawaƙa da mawaƙa na Bolshoi Theater, shugabar - SA Samosud, a cikin gungu tare da K. Derzhinskaya, N. Khanaev, N. Obukhova. P. Selivanov, F. Petrova da sauransu. (A halin yanzu an fitar da wannan rikodin a ƙasashen waje akan CD)

2. Sarauniyar Spades, na biyu cikakken rikodi na opera, 1939, wani ɓangare na Tomsky, mawaƙa da makada na Bolshoi Theater, shugaba - SA Samosud, a cikin wani gungu tare da K. Derzhinskaya, N. Khanaev, M. Maksakova, P. Nortsov, B. Zlatogorova da sauransu. (Wannan rikodin kuma an sake shi a ƙasashen waje akan CD)

3. "Iolanta", na farko cikakken rikodin opera na 1940, wani ɓangare na likita Ebn-Khakiya, mawaƙa da makada na Bolshoi Theater, shugaba - SA Samosud, a cikin wani gungu tare da G. Zhukovskaya, A. Bolshakov, P. Nortsov. , B. Bugaisky, V. Levina da sauransu. (Lokaci na ƙarshe da aka fitar da wannan rikodin akan rikodin Melodiya shine a cikin 1983)

4. "Prince Igor", na farko cikakken rikodi na 1941, wani ɓangare na Prince Igor, mawaƙa da makada na Jihar Opera House, shugaba - A. Sh. Melik-Pashaev, a cikin gungu tare da S. Panovoy, N. Obukhovoi, I. Kozlovsky, M. Mikhailov, A. Pirogov da sauransu. (A halin yanzu an sake fitar da wannan rikodin akan CD a Rasha da kasashen waje)

5. "Alexander Baturin na raira waƙa" (rikodin wayar salula ta kamfanin Melodiya). Arias daga operas "Prince Igor", "Iolanta", "Sarauniyar Spades" (guntu na cikakken rikodin wadannan operas), Kochubey's arioso ("Mazeppa"), Escamillo's couplets ("Carmen"), Mephistopheles' ma'aurata (" Faust), "Yakin filin" na Gurilev, "Flea" na Mussorgsky, waƙoƙin gargajiya na Rasha guda biyu: "Ah, Nastasya", "Along the Piterskaya".