Albert Lortzing |

Albert Lortzing

An haifi Oktoba 23, 1801 a Berlin. Iyayensa sun kasance 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na opera masu tafiya. Rayuwar makiyaya da ba ta dawwama ba ta bai wa mawaƙin nan gaba damar samun ilimin kiɗa na yau da kullun ba, kuma ya kasance mai hazaka wanda ya koyar da kansa har zuwa ƙarshen kwanakinsa. An danganta shi da gidan wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami, Lorzing ya yi a cikin ayyukan yara, sa'an nan kuma ya yi sassan wasan kwaikwayo na tenor a yawancin wasan kwaikwayo. Daga 1833 ya zama Kapellmeister na Opera House a Leipzig, kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin Kapellmeister na Opera a Vienna da Berlin.

Kyawawan gogewa mai amfani, kyakkyawan ilimin matakin, kusanci da opera repertoire ya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar Lorzing a matsayin mawaƙin opera. A 1828, ya kirkiro wasan opera na farko, Ali, Pasha na Janina, wanda aka yi a Cologne. Wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na ban dariya da ke cike da ban dariya na jama'a sun ba da babbar daraja ga Lorzing, waɗannan Kibiyoyi biyu ne (1835), Tsar da kafinta (1837), Gunsmith (1846) da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, Lorzing ya rubuta wasan opera na soyayya Ondine (1845) - bisa ga shirin ɗan gajeren labari na F. Mott-Fouquet, wanda VA Zhukovsky ya fassara kuma PI Tchaikovsky ya yi amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar opera na farko mai suna iri ɗaya.

Wasan kwaikwayo na ban dariya na Lorzing ana bambanta su ta hanyar gaskiya, nishadi na kwatsam, wasan kwaikwayo ne, nishadantarwa, kidan su cike take da karin wakoki masu saukin tunawa. Duk wannan ya ba su farin jini a tsakanin masu sauraro da yawa. Mafi kyawun wasan operas na Lortzing - "The Tsar and the Carpenter", "The Gunsmith" - har yanzu ba su bar repertores na wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa a Turai ba.

Albert Lorzing, wanda ya kafa kansa a matsayin aikin dimokuradiyya na opera na Jamus, ya ci gaba da al'adun tsohon Jamus Singspiel. Haƙiƙanin abubuwan da ke cikin operas ɗinsa na yau da kullun ba su da kyawawan abubuwa. Wasu daga cikin ayyukan sun dogara ne akan al'amuran daga rayuwar masu sana'a da manoma (Biyu Riflemen, 1837; Gunsmith, 1846), yayin da wasu ke nuna ra'ayin gwagwarmayar 'yanci (The Pole and His Son, 1832; Andreas Hofer, post). 1887). A cikin operas Hans Sax (1840) da Scenes daga Rayuwar Mozart (1832), Lorzing ya inganta nasarorin al'adun ƙasa. Makircin wasan opera The Tsar and the Carpenter (1837) an aro shi ne daga tarihin Peter I.

Sigar kiɗan Lorzing da ban mamaki tana da tsabta da alheri. Kiɗan farin ciki, farin ciki, kusa da fasahar jama'a, ya sa wasan operas ɗinsa ya fi dacewa. Amma a lokaci guda, fasahar Lorzing ta bambanta ta hanyar haske da rashin haɓakar fasaha.

Albert Lorzing ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Janairu, 1851 a Berlin.

Abubuwan da aka tsara:

wasan kwaikwayo (kwanakin aiki) - Baitul malin Incas (Die Schatzkammer des Ynka, op. 1836), The Tsar and the Carpenter (1837), Caramo, ko Spear Fishing (Caramo, oder das Fischerstechen, 1839), Hans Sachs (1840) , Casanova (1841), The Poacher, ko Muryar Halitta (Der Wildschütz oder Die Stimme der Natur, 1842), Ondine (1845), The Gunsmith (1846), Zuwa Grand Admiral (Zum Grossadmiral, 1847), Rolland's Squires (Die Rolands Knappen, 1849), Opera rehearsal (Die Operanprobe, 1851); cin gindi - Ma'aikata hudu a gidan waya (Vier Schildwachen aut einem Posten, 1828), Pole da yaronsa (Der Pole und sein Kind, 1832), Kirsimeti Hauwa'u (Der Weihnachtsabend, 1832), Scenen daga rayuwar Mozart (Scenen aus Mozarts Leben). , 1832), Andreas Hofer (1832); don mawaƙa da muryoyin mawaƙa – oratorio Hawan Yesu zuwa sama na Kristi (Die Himmelfahrt Jesu Christi, 1828), Cantata Cantata (a kan ayoyin F. Schiller, 1841); ƙungiyar mawaƙa, gami da waƙoƙin solo da aka sadaukar don juyin juya halin Musulunci na 1848; kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo na ban mamaki.