Václav Neumann |

Vaclav Neumann

"Mutum mai rauni, kai mai bakin ciki, fasali mai ban sha'awa - yana da wahala a yi tunanin bambanci mafi girma da kamannin Franz Konwitschny. Wani bambanci, duk da haka, yana roƙon kanta, tun lokacin da Vaclav Neumann mazaunin Prague ya yi nasara a yanzu Konvichny a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar makaɗar Gewandhaus, masanin kiɗan Jamus Ernst Krause ya rubuta a 'yan shekarun da suka gabata.

Shekaru da yawa, Vaclav Neumann ya ba da basirarsa ga al'adun kiɗa guda biyu a lokaci ɗaya - Czechoslovak da Jamusanci. Ayyukansa masu ban sha'awa da abubuwa da yawa suna bayyana duka a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa da kuma a kan wasan kide-kide, wanda ya mamaye kewayon ƙasashe da birane.

Har zuwa kwanan nan, Neumann ba a san shi ba - a yau suna magana game da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun kyauta da kuma masu jagoranci na asali na ƙarni na baya-bayan nan.

Wurin haifuwar mai zanen ita ce Prague, “Mai kiyaye muhalli na Turai,” kamar yadda mawaƙa suka daɗe suna yi mata laƙabi. Kamar yawancin masu gudanarwa, Neumann ya kammala karatun digiri na Conservatory na Prague. Malamansa akwai P. Dedechek da V. Talikh. Ya fara da wasa da kayan kida - violin, viola. Shekaru takwas ya kasance memba na sanannen Smetana Quartet, yana yin viola a cikinta, kuma ya yi aiki a cikin Orchestra Philharmonic Czech. Neumann bai bar mafarkin zama jagora ba, kuma ya cim ma burinsa.

A cikin 'yan shekarun farko ya yi aiki a Karlovy Vary da Brno, kuma a shekarar 1956 ya zama shugaban kungiyar Orchestra na birnin Prague; a lokaci guda, Neumann ya yi wasa a karon farko a kwamitin kula da wasan kwaikwayo na Komische Oper na Berlin. Babban darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo, V. Felsenshtein, ya iya jin a cikin matashin mai jagoranci halayen da suka danganci shi - sha'awar gaskiya, canji na gaskiya na aikin, don haɗuwa da duk abubuwan da ke cikin wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa. Kuma ya gayyaci Neumann ya dauki mukamin babban darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo.

Neumann ya kasance a Komish Oper na fiye da shekaru biyar, daga 1956 zuwa 1960, kuma daga baya ya yi a nan a matsayin jagoran yawon shakatawa. Yin aiki tare da fitaccen maigida da kuma ɗayan mafi kyawun ensembles ya ba shi adadi mai ban mamaki. A cikin wadannan shekaru ne aka kafa wani siffa ta musamman na mai zane. M, kamar dai tafiya "tare da kiɗa", ƙungiyoyi suna haɗuwa tare da kaifi, bayyanannen lafazi (wanda batonsa yayi alama yana "nufin" a kayan aiki ko rukuni); mai gudanarwa yana ba da kulawa ta musamman ga gradation na sautuna, samun babban bambanci da haske mai haske; yana jagorantar ƙungiyar makaɗa tare da motsi na tattalin arziki, yana amfani da duk damar, har zuwa yanayin fuska, don isar da niyyarsa ga membobin ƙungiyar makaɗa.

Ba shi da tasiri a zahiri, tsauraran salon gudanarwa na Neiman yana da babban iko mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa. Muscovites zai iya gamsu da wannan fiye da sau ɗaya - duka a lokacin wasan kwaikwayo na madubi a wasan kwaikwayo na Komische Opera Theater, kuma daga baya, lokacin da ya zo mana tare da Orchestra na Prague Philharmonic. Ya kasance yana aiki tare da wannan tawagar akai-akai tun 1963. Amma Neumann baya karya tare da ƙungiyoyi masu kirkiro na GDR - tun 1964 yana aiki a matsayin darektan kiɗa na Leipzig Opera da Gewandhaus Orchestra, kuma yana gudanar da wasanni a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Dresden Opera.

Hazakar Neumann a matsayin mai gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo ta bayyana musamman a cikin fassarar kiɗan 'yan uwansa - alal misali, zagayowar waƙoƙin waƙa "Ƙasa ta Gida" ta Smetana, wasan kwaikwayo na Dvořák da ayyukan Janáček da Martinou, ruhun ƙasa da "tsaftataccen sauƙi" , waɗanda ke kusa da jagorar, da mawallafin Czech da Jamusanci na zamani. Daga cikin mawakan da ya fi so akwai Brahms, Shostakovich, Stravinsky. Amma ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo, a nan daga cikin mafi kyawun ayyukan mai gudanarwa ya zama dole don suna "Tales of Hoffmann", "Othello", "Canning Chanterelle" a cikin "Comische Opera"; "Katya Kabanova" da "Boris Godunov" a cikin version na Shostakovich, wanda ya shirya a Leipzig. Wasan opera na L. Janacek "Daga Gidan Matattu" - a Dresden.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969