Uku |
ital. uku, daga lat. tres, tria - uku
1) Tarin mawaka guda 3. Bisa ga abun da ke ciki na masu yin, instr., wok. (duba kuma Tercet) da wok.-instr. T.; bisa ga abun da ke ciki na kayan aiki - mai kama (alal misali, igiyoyi masu ruku'i - violin, viola, cello) da gauraye (kirtani tare da kayan ruhu ko piano).
2) Kida. samfur. don kayan kida 3 ko waƙoƙin muryoyin. Kayan aiki T. tare da kirtani. Quartet na cikin nau'ikan kiɗan da aka fi sani da ɗaki kuma ya fito ne daga tsohuwar trio sonata (sonata a tre) na ƙarni na 17-18, waɗanda aka yi niyya don kayan kida 3 (misali, violin 2 da viola da gamba), wanda galibi yakan kasance. hade da 4 th murya (piano, organ, da dai sauransu) yana jagorantar sashin basso ci gaba (A. Corelli, A. Vivaldi, G. Tartini). Nau'in kayan aiki na gargajiya T. ya dogara ne akan sonata-cyclic. tsari. Nau'in FP ne ya mamaye babban wurin. T. (violin, cello, piano), wanda ya samo asali a tsakiya. karni na 18 a cikin aikin mawaƙa na makarantar Mannheim. Na farko samfurin samfurin - fp. uku na J. Haydn, wanda har yanzu ba a sami 'yancin kai na muryoyin ba. A cikin uku na WA Mozart da farkon trios na Beethoven (op. 1) ch. rawar na FP ne. jam'iyyun; Beethoven uku op. 70 da op. 97, dangane da lokacin da mawaƙin ta m balagagge, an bambanta da daidaito na duk mambobi na gungu, da ci gaban da kayan aiki. jam'iyyun, wuyar rubutu. Fitattun misalai na fp. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo F. Schubert, R. Schumann, I. Brahms, PI Tchaikovsky ("A Memory of the Great Artist", 1882), SV Rachmaninov ("Elegiac Trio" a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar PI Tchaikovsky, 1893), DD Shostakovich ( op. 67, a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar II Sollertinsky). Salon igiyoyi ba su da yawa. T. (violin, viola, cello; misali, kirtani. uku na Haydn, Beethoven; kirtani. uku na Borodin a kan jigon waƙar "Yaya na tayar da ku", kirtani. uku na SI Taneyev). Hakanan ana amfani da sauran haɗakar kayan aiki, misali. a cikin Glinka's Pathetic Trio don piano, clarinet da bassoon; uku don oboes 2 da Ingilishi. ƙaho, uku don piano, clarinet da cello ta Beethoven; Brahms uku don piano, violin da ƙaho, da sauransu. Wok. T. - daya daga cikin manyan. opera siffofin, kazalika da masu zaman kansu. samfur. don kuri'u 3.
3) Bangaren tsakiya (bangaren) instr. guda, rawa (minuet), Maris, scherzo, da dai sauransu, yawanci bambanta da ƙarin mobile matsananci sassa. Suna "T." ya tashi a cikin karni na 17, lokacin da yake cikin Orc. samfur. tsakiyar ɓangaren nau'i mai nau'i uku, ba kamar sauran ba, an yi shi da kayan aiki guda uku kawai.
4) yanki na sassa uku don litattafai 2 da feda, godiya ga dec. Ta hanyar yin rijistar maɓallan madannai, ana ƙirƙira bambancin timbre tsakanin muryoyin.
References: Gaidamovich T., Ƙungiyoyin kayan aiki, M., 1960, M., 1963; Raaben L., Ƙungiyar Kayan aiki a cikin Kiɗa na Rasha, M., 1961; Mironov L., Beethoven Trio don piano, violin da cello, M., 1974.
IE Manukyan
