Timofei Alexandrovich Dokschitzer |

Timofei Dokschitzer

Daga cikin mawaƙa na almara na al'adun Rasha, sunan mawaƙa mai ban mamaki, mai ƙaho Timofey Dokshitser yana alfahari da wuri. A watan Disamba na bara, zai cika shekaru 85, kuma an sadaukar da kide-kide da yawa ga wannan kwanan wata, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo (ballet The Nutcracker) a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi, inda Dokshitser ya yi aiki daga 1945 zuwa 1983. Abokan aikinsa, sun jagoranci. Mawakan Rasha waɗanda suka taɓa yin wasa tare da Dokshitzer a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Bolshoi - cellist Yuri Loevsky, violist Igor Boguslavsky, trombonist Anatoly Skobelev, abokin tarayya na yau da kullun, dan wasan pianist Sergei Solodovnik - ya yi a mataki na Kwalejin Gnessin na Moscow don girmama babban mawaƙin.

Wannan maraice gabaɗaya ana tunawa da shi don haɓakar yanayi na biki - bayan haka, sun tuna da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda sunansa har zuwa wani lokaci ya zama alamar kiɗan Rasha tare da D. Oistrakh, S. Richter. Bayan haka, ba don komai ba ne shahararren madugu na Jamus Kurt Masur, wanda ya yi ta yi da Dokshitzer akai-akai, ya ce “a matsayina na mawaƙi, na sanya Dokshitzer daidai da manyan ‘yan wasan violin na duniya.” Kuma Aram Khachaturian ya kira Dokshitser "mawaƙin bututu." Sautin kayan aikin sa yana da ban sha'awa, ya kasance ƙarƙashin mafi yawan ƙwararrun nuances, cantilena, kwatankwacin waƙar ɗan adam. Duk wanda ya taɓa jin wasan Timofey Aleksandrovich ya zama fan na ƙaho mara iyaka. Wannan, musamman, Mataimakin Darakta na Kwalejin Gnessin I. Pisarevskaya ya tattauna, ta raba ra'ayoyinta na sirri game da taron tare da fasahar T. Dokshitser.

Da alama irin wannan babban kima na aikin mai zane yana nuna zurfin ban mamaki da fuskoki dabam-dabam na gwanintarsa. Alal misali, T. Dokshitser ya samu nasarar sauke karatu daga sashen gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin L. Ginzburg kuma a wani lokaci ya jagoranci wasan kwaikwayo a reshen gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi.

Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa tare da wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo Timofey Alexandrovich ya ba da gudummawa ga sabon kallon wasan kwaikwayo a kan kayan aikin iska, wanda, godiya ga shi, ya fara la'akari da cikakken soloists. Dokshitser shi ne wanda ya fara ƙirƙirar Rukunin Ƙaho na Rasha, wanda ya haɗu da mawaƙa kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga musayar gwaninta na fasaha. Ya kuma mai da hankali sosai ga faɗaɗawa da haɓaka ingancin ƙaho: ya tsara kansa, ya ba da umarni ta hanyar mawaƙa na zamani, kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya tsara tarihin kida na musamman, inda aka buga yawancin waɗannan opuses (a hanya, ba wai kawai ba. domin kaho).

T.Dokshitser, wanda ya yi karatu polyphony a Conservatory tare da Farfesa S.Evseev, dalibi na S.Taneyev, ya tsunduma a cikin kayan aiki tare da mawaki N.Rakov, kuma shi da kansa ya yi m shirye-shirye na mafi kyaun samfurori na litattafansu. Wajen tunawa da shi ya nuna rubutunsa na Gershwin's Rhapsody in the Blues, wanda mawakin soloist na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi na Rasha, da trumpeter Yevgeny Guryev da ƙungiyar kade-kade ta jami'ar Viktor Lutsenko suka yi. Kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na "kambi" - a cikin "Spanish" da "Neapolitan" raye-raye daga "Swan Lake", wanda Timofey Alexandrovich ya taka rawar gani, - wannan maraice A. Shirokov, dalibi na Vladimir Dokshitser, ɗan'uwansa, shi ne soloist. .

Ilimin koyarwa ya shagaltar da wani wuri mai mahimmanci a rayuwar Timofey Dokshitser: ya koyar a Cibiyar Gnessin fiye da shekaru 30 kuma ya tayar da galaxy na masu busa ƙaho. Bayan ya koma zama a Lithuania a farkon shekarun 1990, T. Dokshitser ya tuntubi Vilnius Conservatory. Kamar yadda mawakan da suka san shi suka lura, tsarin koyarwa na Dokshitser ya fi mayar da hankali kan ka'idodin malamansa, I. Vasilevsky da M. Tabakov, suna mai da hankali da farko kan haɓaka halayen kiɗan ɗalibin, kan yin aiki kan al'adun sauti. A cikin 1990s, T. Dokshitser, kiyaye matakin fasaha, ya shirya gasa don masu busa ƙaho. Kuma daya daga cikin wadanda suka lashe kyautar, Vladislav Lavrik (kahon farko na kungiyar kade-kade ta kasar Rasha), ya yi a cikin wannan kade-kaden da ba a taba mantawa da shi ba.

Kusan shekaru biyu sun shude tun lokacin da babban mawaƙin ya mutu, amma fayafai (asusun zinare na litattafan mu!), ya kasance labarinsa da littattafansa, waɗanda ke nuna hoton ɗan wasan fasaha na fasaha da al'adu mafi girma.

Evgenia Mishina, 2007