Sistine Chapel (Cappella Sistina) |

Sistine Chapel

Sistine Chapel shine sunan gama gari na babban cocin Paparoma a fadar Vatican a Rome. Ya faru ne a madadin Paparoma Sixtus IV (1471-84), wanda a karkashinsa aka gina ginin ɗakin sujada (mai ginin Giovanni de Dolci ya tsara shi; wanda manyan mashahuran malamai suka yi masa ado da frescoes - P. Perugino, B. Pinturicchio, S. Botticelli). , Piero di Cosimo, C. Rosselli, L. Signorelli, B. della Gatta, Michelangelo Buonarroti).

Tarihin Sistine Chapel ya samo asali ne tun ƙarni na 6-7th. ne, lokacin da aka haifi makarantar rera waƙa a kotun Paparoma a Roma. An kafa makarantar mawaƙa a ƙarshe a shekara ta 604 a ƙarƙashin Paparoma Gregory I. A tsakiyar zamanai, al'adar rera waƙa a kotun ta ci gaba da haɓaka, amma a ƙarshen karni na 14. Majami'ar ta ɗauki tsari a matsayin cibiya mai zaman kanta - fadar Paparoma (Vatican). A cikin karni na 15, ɗakin sujada ya ƙunshi mawaƙa 14-24 na asalin Italiyanci da Franco-Flemish. A lokacin gina ginin sujada, Sixtus IV ya sake tsarawa tare da ƙarfafa Sistine Chapel, wanda ya kai kololuwar lokacin Julius II. Adadin membobin ɗakin sujada a karni na 16. ya karu zuwa 30 (kwardar ta ba da izinin karɓar sabbin membobin bayan gwaje-gwajen da suka dace). Mawakan da suka yi aiki shekaru 25 sun kasance a cikin Chapel na Sistine a matsayin membobin girmamawa. Daga 1588, an gayyaci castrati don yin sassan soprano.

Tsawon ƙarnuka da yawa ɗakin Chapel na Sistine yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan mawaƙa masu tsarki a Italiya; mafi girma mawaƙa na Renaissance aiki a nan, ciki har da G. Dufay, Josquin Despres.

Sistine Chapel ya shahara a matsayin ƙwararren mai yin waƙar Gregorian (duba waƙar Gregorian), mai kula da al'adun gargajiyar murya na gargajiya. A cikin karni na 19 Sistine Chapel ya fuskanci raguwar lokaci, amma daga baya gyare-gyaren Paparoma Pius X ya sake ƙarfafa ƙungiyar mawaƙa tare da haɓaka matakin fasaha.

A yau, Sistine Chapel yana da mawaƙa fiye da 30, waɗanda a lokuta da yawa ba kasafai suke shiga wasan kwaikwayo na duniya ba.

MM Yakovlev