Kima na masana'antun piano

Sun ce hazikin Richter ba ya son zabar piano kafin wasansa. Wasan sa ya yi hazaka ba tare da la'akari da alamar piano ba. Masu pian na yau sun fi zaɓe - ɗaya ya fi son ikon Steinway, yayin da wani ya fi son daɗin daɗin Bechstein. Kowane mutum yana da ɗanɗano daban-daban, amma har yanzu akwai ƙima mai zaman kansa na masana'antun piano.

Sigogi don kimantawa

Don zama jagora a cikin kasuwar piano, bai isa kawai samar da kayan aiki da sauti mai kyau ba ko kuma cin nasara a kan masu fafatawa a tallace-tallacen piano. Lokacin kimanta kamfanin piano, ana la'akari da sigogi da yawa:

1. ingancin sauti - wannan alamar yana dogara ne akan ƙirar piano, yawanci akan ingancin sautin sauti;
2. rabon farashin / inganci - yadda daidaita shi yake;
3. kewayon samfurin - yadda cikakken wakilci;
4. ingancin kayan aikin kowane samfurin yakamata ya zama daidai;
5. kundin tallace-tallace.

Ya kamata a fayyace cewa ƙimar pianos ya ɗan bambanta da ƙimar manyan pianos. Da ke ƙasa za mu kalli wurin duka biyun akan kasuwar piano, a lokaci guda suna nuna fasalulluka na manyan samfuran samfuran.

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Kayan aiki na dogon lokaci, wanda rayuwar sabis ya kai shekaru ɗari, sun fada cikin "babban gasar". Babban kayan aikin yana da ingantaccen gini - ƙirƙirarsa yana ɗaukar aikin hannu har zuwa 90% kuma aƙalla watanni 8 na aiki. Wannan yana bayanin samar da yanki. Pianos a cikin wannan ajin suna da aminci sosai kuma suna da matuƙar kula da samar da sauti.

Shuwagabannin kasuwar piano da babu shakka sune Ba'amurke-Jamus Steinway&Sons da C.Bechstein na Jamus. Suna buɗe jerin manyan manyan pianos kuma su kaɗai ne wakilan wannan aji na pianos.

Kyawawan Steinways suna ƙawata manyan matakai na duniya - daga La Scala zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mariinsky. Ana mutunta Steinway don ƙarfinsa da ɗimbin sautin sauti. Ɗaya daga cikin sirrin sautinsa shi ne cewa bangon jikin jiki wani tsari ne mai ƙarfi. Wannan hanyar Steinway ce ta haƙƙin mallaka, kamar yadda sauran fasahohin 120-plus don ƙirƙirar manyan pianos.

Babban abokin hamayyar Steinway, Bechstein, yana sha'awar sautin "mai rai", mai laushi da haske. Franz Liszt ya fi son wannan piano, kuma Claude Debussy ya gamsu cewa ya kamata a rubuta kiɗan na piano don Bechstein kawai. Kafin juyin juya hali a Rasha, kalmar "wasa Bechstein" ya kasance sananne - alamar yana da alaƙa da ainihin ra'ayi na kunna piano.

Ana kuma samar da manyan pianos na Elite:

• Ma'aikatar Amurka Mason&Hamlin - tana amfani da sabbin fasahohi a cikin injin piano da na'urar daidaita sautin kumfa. ingancin sautin yana kama da Steinway;
• Austrian Bösendorfer - yana yin sautin sauti daga Bavarian spruce, saboda haka mai arziki, sauti mai zurfi na kayan aiki. Mahimmancinsa shine maɓalli mara nauyi: babu maɓallan 88, amma 97. Ravel da Debussy suna da ayyuka na musamman na Bösendorfer;
• Fazioli na Italiyanci yana amfani da jan spruce a matsayin abu mai sauti, daga abin da aka yi Stradivarius violins. Pianos na wannan alamar suna bambanta da ikon su na sonic da sauti mai kyau, mai zurfi har ma a cikin babban rajista;
• Jamus Steingraeber&Söhne;
• Faransa Pleyel.

Babban aji

Masu kera manyan pianos suna amfani da injunan sarrafa lambobin kwamfuta (CNC) lokacin aiki akan kayan aiki maimakon aikin hannu. A lokaci guda, yana ɗaukar watanni 6 zuwa 10 don yin piano, don haka samarwa shine yanki ɗaya. Manyan kayan aikin ƙarshe suna ɗaukar shekaru 30 zuwa 50.

Wasu kamfanonin piano na wannan aji an riga an rufe su a sama:

• zaɓaɓɓun samfuran manyan pianos da pianos daga Boesendorfer da Steinway;
• Fazioli da Yamaha pianos (S-class kawai);
• Bechstein babban piano.

Sauran manyan masana'antun piano:

• manyan pianos da pianos na alamar Jamusanci Blüthner ("waƙar manyan pianos" tare da sauti mai dumi);
• Manyan pianos na Seiler na Jamus (sanannen sautin su na gaskiya);
• Grotrian Steinweg na Jamusanci babban pianos (kyakkyawan sauti mai kyau; sananne ga manyan pianos biyu)
• Babban wasan kide-kide na Yamaha na Jafananci babban pianos (sauti da ƙarfin sauti; kayan aikin hukuma na manyan gasa masu daraja na duniya);
• Babban kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide na japan Shigeru Kawai.

Matsayi na tsakiya

Pianos na wannan aji suna halin samar da taro: samar da kayan aikin yana buƙatar ba fiye da watanni 4-5 ba. Ana amfani da injin CNC a cikin aikin. Piano na tsakiya yana ɗaukar kimanin shekaru 15.

Fitattun wakilai a cikin pianos:

• Kamfanin Czech-Jamus W.Hoffmann;
• Jamus Sauter, Schimmel, Rönisch;
• Japan Boston (Kawai brand), Shigeru Kawai, K.Kawai;
• American Wm.Knabe&Co, Kohler&Campbell, Sohmer&Co;
• Koriya ta Kudu Samick.

Daga cikin pianos akwai alamun Jamus August Foerster da Zimmermann (alamar Bechstein). Masu kera piano na Jamus suna biye da su: Grotrian Steinweg, W.Steinberg, Seiler, Sauter, Steingraeber da Schimmel.

Ajin masu amfani

Mafi araha kayan kida sune pianos masu daraja. Suna ɗaukar watanni 3-4 kawai don yin, amma suna ɗaukar shekaru da yawa. Ana bambanta waɗannan piano ta hanyar samarwa mai sarrafa kansa da yawa.

Kamfanonin Piano na wannan aji:

• Manyan pianos na Czech da pianos Petrof da Bohemia;
• Yaren mutanen Poland Vogel manyan pianos;
• Manyan pianos da pianos Samick, Bergman da Young Chang;
• wasu model na American pianos Kohler & Campbell;
• Pianos Haessler na Jamus;
• Manyan piano na Sinanci, Malaysia da Indonesiya da pianos Yamaha da Kawai;
• Piano na Indonesiya Euterpe;
• Piano na kasar Sin Feurich;
• Pianos na Japan (tambarin Steinway).

Mai sana'anta Yamaha yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman - a cikin kayan aikin sa, masu rarrabawa sun mamaye wuri na musamman. Waɗannan manyan pianos da piano na tsaye sun haɗa duka ƙarfin sauti na gargajiya na babban piano mai sauti da kuma keɓantaccen damar na piano na dijital.

Maimakon ƙarewa

Jamus ita ce jagora a tsakanin mawakan piano ta kowane fanni. Af, yana fitar da fiye da rabin kayan aikin sa. Sai kuma Amurka da Japan. China, Koriya ta Kudu da Jamhuriyar Czech za su iya yin gogayya da waɗannan ƙasashe - amma ta fuskar yawan kayan da ake samarwa.