Pavel Gerasimovich Lisitsian (Pavel Lisitsian) |

Pavel Lisitsian

Haihuwar Nuwamba 6, 1911 a Vladikavkaz. Uba - Lisitsian Gerasim Pavlovich. Uwa - Lisitsian Srbui Manukovna. Matar - Dagmar Alexandrovna Lisitsian. Yara: Ruzanna Pavlovna, Ruben Pavlovich, Karina Pavlovna, Gerasim Pavlovich. Duk sun sami ilimi mafi girma na kiɗa, sun zama shahararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Armeniya, masu fasaha na Rasha.

Kakan PG Lisitsian, kuma Pavel Gerasimovich, direba ne. Mahaifina ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin aikin soja. Sa'an nan ya shirya wani factory don samar da sigari casings (mahaifin babban gidan wasan kwaikwayo darektan Yevgeny Vakhtangov, Bagrationi Vakhtangov, miƙa masa kudi ga wannan sha'anin). Gerasim Pavlovich ya sayi kayan aiki a Finland, ya kafa kayan aiki, kuma bayan shekaru biyu ya biya bashinsa a cikakke. Sai dai bayan juyin juya halin Musulunci, masana'antar ta zama kasa, kuma aka tilasta wa uba ya koma sana'ar uban hakowa.

Iyalin Lisitsian suna jin daɗin girmamawa ta musamman a cikin al'ummar Armeniya kuma godiya ga ƙwaƙƙwaran kida na dukan 'yan uwa - uwa da uba, da kuma 'yar'uwar Ruzanna, kuma tun yana ƙarami Pavel kansa - kowa ya rera waƙa a cikin mawaƙa na cocin Armenia, sa'o'i na hutun gida sun cika da kiɗa . Tuni yana da shekaru hudu, mawaƙa na gaba, zaune a kan cinyar dattawansa, ya ba da kide-kide na farko - ya yi solo da duet tare da mahaifinsa ba kawai Armenian ba, har ma da waƙoƙin gargajiya na Rasha, Ukrainian da Neapolitan. Daga baya, shekaru da yawa na karatu a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin m, mai ilimi mai zurfi - mawaƙa Sardaryan da Manukyan - sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban fasaha na Pavel Lisitsian. Tarbiyar yaro ta kida ce mai yawa kuma mai tsanani - ya yi karatun cello, ya koyi darussan piano, ya yi wasa a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa mai son… Yin kida a gida kuma ya kawo masa fa'ida mai kima: ƴan wasan baƙo na son ziyartar dangi mai karimci, kuma maraice ya ƙare ba tare da bata lokaci ba. shagali. Ga Bulus, idan dai zai iya tunawa, waƙa ta kasance na halitta kamar magana ko numfashi. Amma iyayen yaron ba su shirya don aikin kiɗa ba. Makulli da kayan aikin kafinta tun yana ƙarami sun saba da yaron kuma suna ƙarƙashinsa kamar na kiɗa.

Sa’ad da yake ɗan shekara goma sha biyar, bayan ya sauke karatu daga makarantar shekara tara, Pavel ya bar gidan iyayensa don ya yi aiki da kansa. Rayuwar makiyaya ta fara ne a cikin binciken ƙasa, ƙungiyoyin hako lu'u-lu'u. 1927 - Ma'adinan Sadon kusa da Vladikavkaz, Pavel - mai horar da ma'aikata, mai aiki, mataimaki. 1928 - Makhuntets kusa da Batumi, yana aiki a matsayin mataimaki ga maigida. 1929 - Akhalkalaki, gina tashar wutar lantarki ta Taparavan, Pavel - mai kula da hakowa da kuma ci gaba da shiga cikin ayyukan fasaha mai son, soloist a cikin mawaƙa na jama'a. Bayan daya daga cikin jawabai, shugaban jam'iyyar ya mikawa babban jami'in dan shekaru goma sha takwas tikitin hukumar kula da yanayin kasa ta Tiflis ga sashen ma'aikata na Leningrad Conservatory. Pavel ya isa birnin Leningrad a lokacin rani na shekara ta 1930. Ya bayyana cewa da sauran ’yan watanni kafin a fara jarrabawar shiga makarantar, kuma nan da nan ya soma aiki a tashar jirgin ruwa na Baltic. Matashin ya kware a sana’o’in ma’aikacin kogi da injin walda, mai guduma. Amma sai na rabu da Leningrad Conservatory da zarar na fara karatu.

Pavel ya shiga Bolshoi Drama Theatre a matsayin kari. Jami'o'in wasan kwaikwayo sun fara, wani hawan matakan ƙwararru zai kasance - daga ƙari zuwa Firayim Minista. Aikin ya sa ya yiwu a ga masters a kowace rana, numfashin iska na al'amuran, shiga al'adun makarantar wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha. Abin sha'awa, da singer samu wani diploma na mafi girma ilimi riga a cikin balagagge, kasancewa mafi ilimi da kuma mutane Artist na Tarayyar Soviet - ya sauke karatu daga Yerevan Conservatory a matsayin waje dalibi a 1960.

A cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo, an ba wa matasa damar yin wasan solo - soyayyar Shaporin "Night Zephyr". Wadannan wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi Drama ana iya la'akari da ƙwararrun murya na farko na mai fasaha. A shekara ta 1932, Pavel ya sake komawa darussan waƙa na yau da kullum tare da malamin MM Levitskaya. A ƙarshe, an ƙaddara halin muryarsa - baritone. Levitskaya ya shirya Pavel don shiga kwalejin kiɗa, inda ya fara karatu tare da ZS Dolskaya. Lisitsian ya shafe shekaru uku kacal don sanin hikimar rera waƙa da sarrafa muryarsa - daga 1932 zuwa 1935. A lokacin ne AI Orfenov ya yaba da fasahar muryar da ya balaga. Lisitsian yana da malaman murya guda biyu, ba tare da la'akari da Battistini ba, amma daga cikin malaman da suka taimake shi ya jagoranci sassa daban-daban na wasan kwaikwayon, ya ambaci suna da yawa, kuma, da farko, pianists-concertmasters A. Meerovich, M. Sakharov, mawaki A. Dolukhanyan. conductors S. Samosud, A. Ter-Hovhannisyan, V. Nebolsin, A. Pazovsky, A. Melik-Pashaev, darekta B. Pokrovsky…

Da zarar ya fara karatu a makarantar fasaha, Pavel ya zama mawallafin soloist tare da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko na matasa. Debuting a Rossini's Barber na Seville a wani ɗan ƙaramin sashi, bai tafi ba tare da an gane shi ba. Binciken da aka buga a cikin jaridar Leningrad Smena ya kasance mai farin ciki. Amma, abin takaici, ba da daɗewa ba, saboda rashin tushen kayan aiki, gidan wasan kwaikwayo na matasa ya rushe. Wani shekara na karatu a kwalejin kiɗa, haɗe da aiki tuƙuru - walda manyan tankunan gas a masana'anta - da kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayo, yanzu ƙungiyar matasa ta Leningrad Maly Opera gidan wasan kwaikwayo.

Shekaru 1935-1937 watakila sune mafi mahimmanci da yanke hukunci a cikin tarihin halitta na mai fasaha. Ya yi kashi na biyu har ma na uku, amma makaranta ce mai kyau! Samuil Abramovich Samosud, babban jagoran gidan wasan kwaikwayo, fitaccen masanin wasan opera, ya kula da matashin mai zane a hankali, yana wasa har ma da mafi kyawun sassa tare da shi. Aikin karkashin jagorancin shugaban kasar Ostiriya, a cikin wadannan shekarun shugaban kungiyar kade-kade ta Leningrad Philharmonic, Fritz Stiedry, ya ba da yawa. Ganawar tare da mawaƙa Aram Ter-Hovhannisyan ya zama abin farin ciki na musamman ga Lisitsian.

A cikin 1933, an fara wasan kwaikwayo a kulab ɗin ma'aikata, gidajen al'adu, makarantu ... Ayyukan kide-kide na Lisitsian, wanda ya ɗauki shekaru 45. Shi ne soloist na kide kide da wake-wake da gidan wasan kwaikwayo ofishin Lengosakteatrov. A 1936, Lisitsian ya shirya kuma ya rera waka a cikin zauren kide-kide na Capella a cikin gungu tare da AB Meerovich na farko a cikin rayuwarsa - romances na Borodin, Balakirev, Rimsky-Korsakov, Glazunov. Duk da yawan aiki mai yawa, mawaƙin yana samun lokaci da dama don haɓaka hankali. Yana karatun gidajen tarihi da gine-gine na birni, yana karantawa da yawa. "Makarantar" na Leningrad Philharmonic ya kawo fa'idodi masu yawa na Lisitsian.

1937 ya kawo sababbin canje-canje a cikin makomar fasaha. Mawaƙin ya sami gayyata zuwa Yerevan Opera da Ballet Theater mai suna bayan Spendiarov don sassa na farko. Shekaru uku da rabi na aiki a Armenia sun kasance masu amfani sosai - ya yi ayyuka goma sha biyar a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya da na zamani: Eugene Onegin, Valentin, Tomsky da Yelets, Robert, Tonio da Silvio, Maroles da Escamillo, da Mitka da Listnitsky a cikin The Quiet Don , Tatula a cikin opera "Almast", Nawa a cikin "Anush", Tovmas a cikin "Likitan Hakora na Gabas", Grikora a cikin opera "Lusabatzin". Amma mawaƙin ya sami nasara ta musamman a cikin shekaru goma na Art Armeniya a Moscow a watan Oktoba 1939. Ya yi sassa biyu na jaruntaka - Tatul da Gikor, kuma ya shiga cikin duk mahimman kide kide da wake-wake. Ma'aikata na manyan biranen da suka dace sun karbi matashin mawaƙin, shugabannin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi sun lura da shi kuma ba su bar shi daga ganinsu ba. An ba Lisitsian lambar girmamawa ta Artist na Armeniya SSR, an ba shi Order of the Red Banner of Labor, an zabe shi mataimakin majalisar birnin Yerevan, kuma ya zama dan takara na jam'iyyar gurguzu.

Ba da da ewa wani muhimmin mataki na aiki ya fara - da singer aka gayyace zuwa Bolshoi Theater, inda shekaru ashirin da shida da aka ƙaddara ya zama babban soloist. Pavel Lisitsian halarta a karon a kan mataki na reshe na Bolshoi Theatre ya faru a Afrilu 26, 1941. Reviews sun kasance m. Kafin yakin duniya na biyu ya gudanar ya raira waƙa da Eugene Onegin da kuma Yeletsky. A taƙaice, wasan farko na mawaƙin shine wasan kwaikwayo na "Sarauniyar Spades", wanda ya faru wata daya kafin "Eugene Onegin", amma jaridun babban birnin kasar sun rasa wasan kwaikwayon kuma sun amsa kawai ga wasan na Onegin bayan wata daya, suna gabatar da shi. a matsayin halartacce.

An fara yakin. Daga Yuli zuwa Oktoba 1941, Pavel Lisitsian, tare da brigade, tafiya a kan umarnin GlavPURKKA da kwamitin don bauta wa Western Front, Reserve Front na Army Janar Zhukov, dawakai gawawwakin Janar Dovator da sauran raka'a a yankin. na Vyazma, Gzhatsk, Mozhaisk, Vereya, Borodino, Baturin da sauransu , yi a cikin jirgin sama raka'a, asibitoci, fitarwa cibiyoyin a Railway tashoshin. Ya rera waƙa a gaban gaba a ƙarƙashin wuta, a cikin ruwan sama sau 3-4 a rana. A watan Satumba 1941, bayan daya daga cikin gaban-line concert, a abin da artist yi Armenian jama'a songs ba tare da rakiya, wani soja ba shi da wani gungu na daji. Har yanzu, Pavel Gerasimovich ya tuna da wannan bouquet a matsayin mafi tsada a rayuwarsa.

Domin aikin ba da son kai a gaba, PG Lisitsian ya sami lambar yabo daga Daraktan Siyasa na Yammacin Gabar Yamma, da kwamandan sojojin da ke fagen daga, da kuma makamai na sirri daga Janar Dovator. A kan gaba da baya, ya rera waka fiye da ɗari biyar kide kide da wake-wake kuma yana alfahari da lambobin yabo na soja - lambobin yabo "Don Ƙarfafawa", "Don 'Yantar da Caucasus". Kuma a ƙarshen 1941, an ɗauke shi zuwa asibitin Yerevan a cikin yanayi mai tsanani kuma na dogon lokaci yana tsakanin rayuwa da mutuwa.

Bayan murmurewa daga rashin lafiya, Lisitsian rera waka a kan mataki na Yerevan Theater na shekara daya da rabi. A wannan lokacin, ya sake cika waƙarsa da rawar Kiazo a cikin Paliashvili's Daisi da Count Never in Meyerbeer's Huguenots, kuma a cikin 1943 ya koma Moscow, inda a ranar 3 ga Disamba, a karon farko bayan dogon hutu, ya yi wasan kwaikwayo. na opera babban birnin kasar. Ranar Nasara ita ce abin tunawa ga dangin Lisitsian ba kawai ta hanyar farin ciki a duk faɗin ƙasar a ƙarshen yakin basasa ba, har ma da wani abin farin ciki: a ranar 9 ga Mayu, 1945, an haifi tagwaye - Ruzanna da Ruben.

A cikin 1946, P. Lisitsian ya yi aikin Germont a Verdi's La Traviata, Kazbich a A. Alexandrov's Bela. Bayan haka, yana yin sashin Babban Kwamishinan a cikin wasan opera na Muradeli The Great Friendship. An fara wasan ne a watan Nuwamba 1947. Jaridu sun yi iƙirarin nuna godiya ga aikin Lisitsian. Irin wannan kima ya samu ta sauran aikinsa - siffar Ryleyev a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Shaporin "The Decembrists" a kan mataki na Bolshoi Theatre a 1953. Lisitsian ya yi wasu ayyuka uku a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Soviet composers a kan wannan mataki: Belgian anti. -dan kishin fascist Andre a cikin Nazib Zhiganov's Jalil, Napoleon a cikin yakin Prokofiev da zaman lafiya. A cikin wasan opera na Dzerzhinsky "Ƙaddarar Mutum" ya rera requiem mai makoki "A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Fallen".

A cikin Yuni 1959, Bolshoi Theatre ya shirya wasan opera na Bizet Carmen tare da halartar Mario del Monaco. IK Arkhipova ya yi wani ɓangare na Carmen. Ta raba nasarar nasararta tare da abokin aikinta na Italiya, da PG Lisitsian, a matsayin Escamillo, ta sake tabbatar da cewa ƙauna da girmamawar jama'a a gare shi ba ta canzawa ba tare da la'akari da wanda ke raira waƙa kusa da shi ba - kowane fita da tashi. daga fage aka yi ta tahowa.

Pavel Gerasimovich ya lashe nasara da dama da dama a lokacin rayuwarsa mai tsawo da ban mamaki, yabo a cikin girmamawarsa a karkashin rudun La Scala, Metropolitan, Bolshoi Theater, duk sauran gidajen opera talatin da biyu a kasarmu da kuma sauran kasashen waje. Ya zagaya kasashe sama da talatin. A cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi kadai, ya ciyar da lokutan 26, wasanni 1800! Daga cikin ɗimbin sassan baritone da Lisitsian ya rera, duka na waƙoƙi da na ban mamaki ana wakilta iri ɗaya. Rikodin nasa sun kasance ba su wuce misali ba har yau. Sana'arsa, tun da ya shawo kan sararin samaniya da lokaci, a yau yana da gaske na zamani, dacewa da tasiri.

PG Lisitsian, ba tare da son kai cikin soyayya da opera ba, ya kware sosai a cikin ayyukan ɗakin ɗakin, wasan kwaikwayo tare da kide-kide na solo.

P. Lisitsian kuma ya biya haraji ga gungu na kiɗa: ya kuma raira waƙa a cikin ɗakin duets tare da abokan aiki daga Bolshoi Theater (musamman, a yawon shakatawa a Vienna - ayyukan Varlamov da Glinka tare da Valeria Vladimirovna Barsova), ya kuma rera waƙa a cikin quartets. Rubutun dangin Lisitsian wani lamari ne na musamman a cikin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Rasha. Sun fara halarta na farko a matsayin ƙungiya ɗaya a cikin 1971, suna yin dukkan sassa - soprano, alto, tenor da bass - a cikin Mozart's Requiem. Uba - Pavel Gerasimovich, 'ya'ya mata biyu - Karina da Ruzanna, da ɗan Ruben sun haɗu a cikin kiɗa ta hanyar haɗin kai na ka'idodin fasaha, dandano mai kyau, ƙauna ga babban al'adun gargajiya. Makullin babban nasara na ƙungiyar ya ta'allaka ne a cikin matsayi gama gari na membobinta, tsarin haɗin kai ga matsalolin fasaha da sauti, da kuma ingantaccen ƙwarewar kowane memba na ƙungiyar.

Bayan ya yi aiki na yanayi na 26 a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi, yana rayuwa mafi yawan rayuwarsa a Moscow, Lisitsian duk da haka ba ya manta cewa shi ɗan Armenian ne. Babu wani yanayi a duk tsawon rayuwarsa na halitta lokacin da bai yi waƙa a Armenia ba, kuma ba kawai a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ba, har ma a kan wasan kwaikwayo, ba kawai a manyan biranen ba, har ma a gaban ma'aikatan ƙauyuka masu nisa.

Yawon shakatawa a duniya, Pavel Gerasimovich yana so ya kawo kasashe daban-daban kuma ya ba wa masu mallakar su waƙoƙin gargajiya, suna yin su a cikin harshen asali. Amma babban abin sha'awa shi ne wakokin Armeniya da na Rasha.

Daga 1967 zuwa 1973, Lisitsian yana da alaƙa da Yerevan Conservatory: na farko a matsayin malami, sannan a matsayin farfesa kuma shugaban sashen. A lokacin yawon shakatawa a Amurka (1960) da Italiya (1965), duk da haka, da kuma a wasu tafiye-tafiye da yawa a kasashen waje, shi, ban da shiga cikin shirye-shiryen kide-kide da wasan kwaikwayo da aka riga aka tsara, ya sami ƙarfi da lokaci don yin aiki a cikin al'ummomin Armeniya. , kuma a Italiya har ma na sami damar sauraron yara Armeniya da yawa don zaɓar waɗanda suka dace da ƙwararrun ilimin waƙa.

PG Lisitsian ya sha halartar gasar kasa da kasa a matsayin memba na juri, ciki har da gasar a Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Schumann da Bach a Jamus ta Gabas. Domin shekaru 20 ya halarci a Weimar Music Seminars. Shi ne wanda ya lashe kyautar Schumann (birnin Zwickau, 1977).

Bayan 'yan shekaru da suka wuce, Pavel Lisitsian a karshe ya yi ban kwana da wasan opera da wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya rera waƙa kawai a cikin karatun karatun, amma har yanzu yana da ban mamaki, yana nuna wa ɗalibansa yadda za su yi wannan ko waccan magana, wannan ko wannan motsa jiki.

A zuciyar dukan ayyukan Pavel Gerasimovich Lisitsian shine matsayi na rayuwa mai mahimmanci na ma'aikaci mai wuyar gaske wanda yake ƙauna tare da zaɓaɓɓen sana'a. A cikin bayyanarsa babu kuma ba zai iya zama alamar "mai daraja", yana tunanin abu ɗaya kawai - ya zama dole kuma mai amfani ga mutane, ga kasuwancinsa. Yana rayuwa mai tsarki damuwa ga kiɗa, kerawa, nagarta, kyakkyawa.