Binciken wani yanki na kiɗa ta ƙwararru

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi magana game da yadda ake shirya darasi na musamman a makarantar kiɗa, da kuma abin da malami yake bukata daga ɗalibi lokacin da ya ba da nazarin wani yanki na kiɗa a matsayin aikin gida.

To, me ake nufi da wargaza wani yanki na kiɗa? Wannan yana nufin fara kunna shi cikin nutsuwa bisa ga bayanin kula ba tare da jinkiri ba. Don yin wannan, ba shakka, bai isa kawai ku shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo sau ɗaya ba, karatun gani, dole ne kuyi aiki ta hanyar wani abu. A ina ake farawa duka?

Mataki 1. Sanin farko

Da farko, dole ne mu saba da abubuwan da za mu yi ta gabaɗaya. Yawancin lokaci ɗalibai suna ƙirga shafuka da farko - abin ban dariya ne, amma a daya bangaren, wannan hanya ce ta kasuwanci don aiki. Don haka, idan kun saba da kirga shafuka, kirga su, amma sanin farko bai iyakance ga wannan ba.

Yayin da kuke jujjuya bayanan bayanan, zaku iya duba ko akwai maimaitawa a cikin yanki (halayen kiɗan suna kama da waɗanda suke a farkon farkon). A matsayinka na mai mulki, akwai maimaitawa a yawancin wasan kwaikwayo, ko da yake ba koyaushe ake gane shi ba. Idan mun san cewa akwai maimaituwa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, to rayuwarmu ta zama mai sauƙi kuma yanayinmu yana inganta sosai. Wannan, ba shakka, wasa ne! Ya kamata ku kasance cikin yanayi mai kyau koyaushe!

Mataki 2. Ƙayyade yanayi, hoto da nau'i

Na gaba kuna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman ga take da sunan sunan marubuci. Kuma ba kwa buƙatar yin dariya yanzu! Abin takaici, mawaƙa matasa da yawa suna mamakin idan ka tambaye su sunan abin da suke kunnawa. A'a, sun ce wannan shi ne etude, sonata ko wasa. Amma sonata, etudes, da wasan kwaikwayo wasu mawaƙa ne suka rubuta, kuma waɗannan sonata, etudes tare da wasan kwaikwayo wani lokaci suna da lakabi.

Kuma taken ya gaya mana, a matsayin mawaƙa, irin waƙar da ke ɓoye a bayan waƙar takarda. Alal misali, ta sunan za mu iya ƙayyade ainihin yanayi, jigon sa da abin da ke cikin alama da fasaha. Misali, ta lakabin "Ruwanin kaka" da "Flowers a cikin makiyaya" mun fahimci cewa muna magana da ayyuka game da yanayi. Amma idan ana kiran wasan "Mai Doki" ko "The Snow Maiden," to a fili akwai wani nau'i na hoton kiɗa a nan.

Wani lokaci take ya ƙunshi alamar wasu nau'ikan kiɗan. Kuna iya karantawa game da nau'ikan dalla-dalla a cikin labarin "Babban nau'ikan kiɗan kiɗan," amma yanzu amsa: Tafiya na soja da waltz na lyrical ba kiɗan iri ɗaya bane, daidai?

Maris da waltz misalai ne na nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan suna sonata da etude su ma suna da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan suna sonata da etude. Wataƙila kuna da kyakkyawan ra'ayi na yadda kiɗan Maris ya bambanta da kiɗan waltz. Don haka, ba tare da kunna rubutu ɗaya ba, kawai ta hanyar karanta take da kyau, za ku iya rigaya faɗi wani abu game da guntun da kuke shirin kunnawa.

Domin sanin yanayin kiɗan da yanayin sa daidai, da kuma jin wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan, ana ba da shawarar nemo rikodi na wannan kiɗan da sauraron sa tare da ko ba tare da rubutu a hannu ba. A lokaci guda, za ku koyi yadda za a yi sautin yanki da aka bayar.

Mataki 3. Binciken farko na rubutun kiɗan

Komai yana da sauki a nan. Ga abubuwa guda uku na asali waɗanda ya kamata ku yi su koyaushe: kalli maɓallan; ƙayyade tonality ta alamun maɓalli; dubi lokaci da sa hannun lokaci.

Yana da kawai cewa akwai irin wannan koyaswa, har ma da masu ƙwarewa ne, waɗanda suka gani kawai, ba su kula da makullin ko kuma su yi mamakin dalilin da yasa suke da Ba kyawawan waƙoƙin waƙa ba ne waɗanda ke fitowa daga yatsun ku, amma wani nau'in cacophony mai ci gaba. Kar ku yi haka, lafiya?

Af, da farko, ilimin ku na ka'idar kiɗa da gogewa a cikin solfeggio na iya taimaka muku ƙayyadaddun tonality ta alamomin maɓalli, kuma, na biyu, irin waɗannan fa'idodin yaudara masu amfani kamar da'irar kwata-fifths ko ma'aunin zafi na tonality. Mu ci gaba.

Mataki na 4. Muna wasa yanki daga gani kamar yadda za mu iya

Ina maimaita - kunna yadda za ku iya, daga takardar, madaidaiciya da hannaye biyu (idan kun kasance mai wasan pian). Babban abu shine zuwa ƙarshe ba tare da rasa komai ba. Bari a sami kurakurai, dakatarwa, maimaitawa da sauran hitches, burin ku shine kawai kunna duk bayanan kula cikin wawa.

Wannan al'ada ce ta sihiri! Babu shakka shari'ar za ta yi nasara, amma nasara za ta fara ne kawai bayan kun buga wasan gaba ɗaya daga farkon zuwa ƙarshe, koda kuwa ya zama mummunan. Yana da kyau - karo na biyu zai fi kyau!

Wajibi ne a rasa daga farko zuwa ƙarshe, amma ba buƙatar ka tsaya a nan ba, kamar yadda yawancin ɗalibai suke yi. Wadannan "dalibi" suna tunanin cewa sun riga sun shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo kuma shi ke nan, sun gano shi. Babu wani abu kamar wannan! Kodayake ko da sake kunnawa mai haƙuri ɗaya kawai yana da amfani, kuna buƙatar fahimtar cewa anan ne babban aikin ya fara.

Mataki 5. Ƙayyade nau'in rubutu kuma koyi yanki a batches

Rubutu hanya ce ta gabatar da aiki. Wannan tambayar fasaha ce kawai. Lokacin da muka taɓa aikin da hannayenmu, ya bayyana a gare mu cewa akwai irin waɗannan matsalolin da ke tattare da rubutun.

Nau'in rubutu na yau da kullun: polyphonic (polyphony yana da matukar wahala, kuna buƙatar yin wasa ba kawai tare da hannaye daban ba, amma kuma ku koyi kowane murya daban); chordal (haka ma ana buƙatar koyo, musamman idan suna tafiya cikin sauri); sassa (misali, a cikin etude akwai ma'auni mai sauri ko arpeggios - muna kuma kallon kowane sashi daban); waƙa + rakiya (ba tare da faɗi ba, muna koyon waƙar dabam, kuma muna duban rakiya, ko menene, daban).

Kada a yi sakaci wasa da hannaye ɗaya. Yin wasa daban da hannun dama kuma daban da hannun hagu (sake, idan kun kasance mai wasan pian) yana da mahimmanci. Sai kawai idan muka yi aiki da cikakkun bayanai za mu sami sakamako mai kyau.

Mataki na 6. Yatsa da motsa jiki na fasaha

Abin da al'ada, "matsakaici" bincike na wani yanki na kiɗa a cikin ƙwarewa ba zai taba yin ba tare da nazarin yatsa ba. Yatsa kai tsaye (kada ku yarda da jaraba). Daidaitaccen yatsa yana taimaka muku koyon rubutu ta zuciya da sauri da wasa tare da ƴan tasha.

Muna ƙayyade madaidaitan yatsu don duk wurare masu wahala - musamman ma inda akwai ci gaba-kamar ma'auni da arpeggio-kamar ci gaba. A nan yana da mahimmanci a fahimci ƙa'idar kawai - yadda aka tsara nassi da aka ba da shi (ta sautin wane ma'auni ko kuma ta sautin wace maɗaukaki - misali, ta sautunan triad). Na gaba, duk nassi yana buƙatar kasu kashi kashi (kowane sashi - kafin motsa yatsa na farko, idan muna magana ne game da piano) kuma koyi ganin waɗannan sassan-matsayi akan maballin. Af, rubutun ya fi sauƙi don tunawa da wannan hanya!

Ee, menene mu duka game da pianists? Kuma sauran mawaƙa suna buƙatar yin wani abu makamancin haka. Misali, 'yan wasan tagulla sukan yi amfani da dabarar simintin wasa a cikin darasinsu - suna koyon yatsa, danna madaidaitan bawul a daidai lokacin, amma ba sa hura iska a cikin bakin kayan aikinsu. Wannan yana taimakawa sosai don jimre wa matsalolin fasaha. Duk da haka, ana buƙatar yin wasa cikin sauri da tsabta.

Mataki 7. Yi aiki a kan kari

To, ba zai yuwu a kunna guntu a cikin waƙar da ba ta dace ba - malami zai yi rantsuwa har yanzu, ko kuna so ko a'a, dole ne ku koyi wasa daidai. Za mu iya ba ku shawara masu zuwa: litattafai - wasa tare da ƙidayar ƙidayar (kamar a matakin farko - yana taimakawa kullum); Yi wasa tare da metronome (saita kanku grid rhythmic kuma kada ku karkata daga gare ta); zabar wa kanka wasu ƙananan bugun bugun jini (misali, bayanin kula na takwas - ta-ta, ko bayanin kula na sha shida - ta-ta-ta-ta) kuma kunna duka yanki tare da jin yadda wannan bugun ya mamaye shi, yadda yake cika duka. bayanin kula waɗanda tsawonsu ya fi wannan rukunin da aka zaɓa; yin wasa tare da mai da hankali kan bugun ƙarfi mai ƙarfi; wasa, mikewa kadan, kamar bandeji na roba, bugun karshe; Kar ku yi kasala don lissafta kowane nau'in nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan uku ne, ma'auni masu dige-gefe da daidaitawa.

Mataki na 8. Yi aiki akan waƙa da jimla

Dole ne a buga waƙar a bayyane. Idan waƙar ta zama abin ban mamaki a gare ku (a cikin ayyukan wasu mawaƙa na karni na 20) - ba daidai ba, ya kamata ku so shi kuma ku yi alewa daga ciki. Tana da kyau - kawai sabon abu.

Yana da mahimmanci a gare ku ku kunna waƙar ba a matsayin saitin sauti ba, amma a matsayin waƙar waƙa, wato, a matsayin jerin kalmomi masu ma'ana. Duba don ganin ko akwai layukan jimla a cikin rubutun - daga cikinsu zamu iya gano farkon jumla da ƙarshen magana sau da yawa, kodayake idan jin ku yana da kyau, zaku iya gane su cikin sauƙi da naku ji.

Akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a iya faɗi a nan, amma ku da kanku kun san sarai cewa jimlolin da ke cikin kiɗa suna kamar mutane suna magana. Tambaya da amsa, tambaya da maimaita tambaya, tambaya ba tare da amsa ba, labarin mutum ɗaya, wa'azi da hujjoji, gajeriyar "a'a" da dogon iska "eh" - duk wannan yana samuwa a cikin ayyukan kiɗa da yawa ( idan suna da waƙa). Aikin ku shine buɗe abin da mawaƙin ya sanya a cikin rubutun kiɗan na aikinsa.

Mataki 9. Haɗa yanki

Akwai matakai da yawa da ayyuka da yawa. A zahiri, kuma, ba shakka, kun san wannan, cewa babu iyaka ga haɓakawa… Amma a wani lokaci kuna buƙatar kawo ƙarshensa. Idan kun yi aiki a kan wasan aƙalla kaɗan kafin kawo shi zuwa aji, abu ne mai kyau.

Babban aikin nazartar wata kida shi ne koyon yadda ake kunna ta a jere, don haka matakin ku na karshe shi ne ya hada wannan yanki da kunna shi daga farko zuwa karshe.

Shi ya sa! Muna wasa gaba ɗaya daga farkon zuwa ƙare sau da yawa! Shin kun lura cewa wasa yanzu ya fi sauƙi a gani? Wannan yana nufin an cimma burin ku. Kuna iya ɗauka zuwa aji!

Mataki 10. Aerobatics

Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka biyu na motsa jiki don wannan aikin: na farko shine koyon rubutu da zuciya (ba ka buƙatar tunanin cewa wannan ba gaskiya ba ne, saboda ainihin gaske) - kuma na biyu shine ƙayyade nau'in aikin. Form shine tsarin aiki. Muna da labarin daban wanda aka keɓe ga manyan nau'ikan - "Mafi yawan nau'ikan ayyukan kiɗa."

Yana da amfani musamman don yin aiki akan tsari idan kuna kunna sonata. Me yasa? Domin a cikin nau'in sonata akwai babban sashi da na biyu - sassa biyu na alama a cikin aiki ɗaya. Dole ne ku koyi gano su, ƙayyade farkonsu da ƙarshensu, da daidaita halayen kowannensu a cikin baje kolin da kuma a cikin ramuwa.

Hakanan yana da amfani koyaushe a raba ci gaba ko tsakiyar ɓangaren yanki zuwa sassa. Bari mu ce, yana iya ƙunshi sassa biyu ko uku, waɗanda aka gina bisa ga ka'idoji daban-daban - a cikin ɗaya za a iya samun sabon waƙar, a wani - ci gaban waƙar da aka riga aka ji, a cikin na uku - yana iya ƙunshi ma'auni da arpeggios gaba ɗaya. da dai sauransu.

Don haka, mun yi la'akari da irin wannan matsala kamar nazarin wani yanki na kiɗa daga yanayin wasan kwaikwayo. Don dacewa, mun yi tunanin dukan tsari a matsayin matakai 10 zuwa ga burin. Labarin na gaba zai kuma tabo batun nazarin ayyukan kiɗa, amma ta wata hanya dabam - a cikin shirye-shiryen darasi kan wallafe-wallafen kiɗa.