Josef Hofmann |

Joseph Hofmann

Pianan Ba'amurke kuma mawakin asalin Poland. An haife shi a cikin dangin mawaƙa: mahaifinsa, Kazimir Hoffman, ɗan wasan pian ne, mahaifiyarsa ta rera waƙa a cikin operetta Krakow. A lokacin da yake da shekaru uku, Yusufu ya karbi darussan kiɗa na farko daga mahaifinsa, kuma, bayan ya nuna gwaninta, ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin mai wasan pianist har ma da mawaki (shi ma yana da kwarewa mai kyau a ilmin lissafi, makanikai da sauran ilimin kimiyya). .

Bayan ya zagaya Turai, Hoffmann ya fara halarta a Amurka a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 1887 tare da wani kade-kade a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Metropolitan Opera House, inda ya yi kyakykyawar kide kide da wake-wake na farko na Beethoven, sannan kuma ya inganta jigogin da masu sauraro suka gabatar, wanda hakan ya jawo hankulan jama'a.

Bisa sha'awar fasahar matashin mawaƙin, hamshaƙin ɗan ƙasar Amirka Alfred Clark, ya ba shi dala dubu hamsin, wanda ya ba iyalin damar komawa Turai, inda Hoffmann zai ci gaba da karatunsa cikin kwanciyar hankali. Na wani lokaci, Moritz Moszkowski shi ne malaminsa, amma sai Hoffmann ya zama kawai dalibi mai zaman kansa na Anton Rubinstein (wanda ya rayu a wancan lokacin a Dresden), wanda ya yi tasiri sosai a kan ra'ayoyinsa.

Tun daga 1894, Hoffmann ya sake fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a bainar jama'a, ba a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na yara ba, amma a matsayin ɗan wasa balagagge. Bayan da ya yi Concerto na hudu na Rubinstein a Hamburg a karkashin jagorancin marubucin, marubucin ya ce babu wani abin da zai koya masa, kuma ya daina karatu da shi.

A farkon karni, Hoffmann ya kasance daya daga cikin mashahuran da ake nema a cikin pianists a duniya: an gudanar da kide-kide nasa tare da babban nasara a Birtaniya, Rasha, Amurka, Kudancin Amirka, ko'ina tare da cikakken gida. A daya daga cikin jerin wasannin kade-kade da aka yi a St. A cikin 1903 da 1904, Hoffmann ya yi wasa a St. Kamar tagwaye, tsayinsu ɗaya ne kuma launi ɗaya ne. Ƙarƙashin matsakaicin tsayi, kusan gajere, gashi yayi baki fiye da reshen hankaka. Dukansu suna da ƙananan goshi da ƙananan hannaye. Dukansu yanzu sun zama kamar na farko na ƙungiyar Lilliputian.

A cikin 1914, Hoffmann ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka, inda nan da nan ya zama ɗan ƙasa kuma ya ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin 1924, ya karɓi tayin don jagorantar sabuwar Cibiyar Kiɗa ta Curtis da aka kafa a Philadelphia, kuma ya jagoranci ta har zuwa 1938. A lokacin jagorancinsa, cibiyar ta tafi duniya, ta zama kyakkyawar makaranta ga yawancin shahararrun mawaƙa a nan gaba.

Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo na Hoffmann sun ci gaba har zuwa farkon 1940s, wasan kwaikwayonsa na ƙarshe ya faru a New York a cikin 1946. A cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, Hoffmann ya tsunduma cikin sha'awar ci gaba a fagen rikodin sauti da makanikai: ya mallaki dozin dozin na haƙƙin mallaka na daban-daban. ingantawa a cikin tsarin piano, da kuma kan ƙirƙira "wipers" da maɓuɓɓugan iska don mota da sauran na'urori.

Hoffmann da gaskiya ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƴan pian na ƙarni na 1887. Kyakkyawan fasaha, tare da wani sabon tunanin rhythmic, ya ba shi damar yin wasa tare da ikon farko da ƙarfi, kuma godiya ga kyakkyawan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarsa, ba zai iya damu da "sakewa" aikin da aka buga a gaban wasan kwaikwayo na gaba ba. Repertoire na pianist ya kasance kunkuntar: da gaske ya iyakance ga gadon farkon rabin karni na XNUMX - daga Beethoven zuwa Liszt, amma kusan bai taba yin kidan mawakansa na zamani ba. Ko da Sergei Rachmaninov na uku Piano Concerto sadaukar da Hoffmann, wanda aikinsa Rachmaninoff da kansa ya yaba sosai, ba togiya. Hoffmann ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙa na farko a tarihi don yin rikodin ayyukansa a cikin XNUMX akan phonograph, amma daga baya an yi rikodin shi da wuya a cikin ɗakin studio. Yawancin rikodin Hoffmann da suka tsira har yau an yi su a wuraren kide-kide.

Hoffmann shi ne marubucin kusan ɗari ƙungiyoyi (wanda aka buga a ƙarƙashin sunan mai suna Michel Dvorsky), littattafai guda biyu akan fasahar buga piano: "Nasiha ga Matasa Pianists" da "Piano Playing".