Kidan gargajiya na yara

Mawakan gargajiya sun sadaukar da shafuka masu yawa na aikinsu ga yara. An rubuta waɗannan ayyukan kiɗan la'akari da halayen fahimtar yara, yawancin su an rubuta su musamman don matasa masu wasan kwaikwayo, bisa ga iyawar fasaha.

Duniyar kiɗan yara

An kirkiro wasan opera da ballets, waƙoƙi, da wasan kwaikwayo na kayan aiki don yara. R. Schumann, J. Bizet, C. Saint-Saens, AK yayi jawabi ga masu sauraron yara. Lyadov, AS Arensky, B. Bartok, SM Maykapar da sauran mawaƙa masu daraja.

Mawaka da dama sun yi wa ’ya’yansu ayyuka, kuma sun sadaukar da ayyukansu ga ‘ya’yan ’yan uwa da abokan arziki. Alal misali, IS Bach, yana koyar da kiɗa ga yaransa, ya rubuta musu sassa daban-daban ("Littafin Kiɗa na Anna Magdalena Bach"). Bayyanar "Albam na Yara" na PI Tchaikovsky yana da bashi ga sadarwar mawaki tare da 'ya'yan 'yar uwarsa da ɗan'uwansa.

A cikin kiɗa na yara, mawaƙa na salo daban-daban suna da fasali gama gari:

• hoto mai haske, kusan bayyane;
• tsabtar harshe na kiɗa;
• tsabtar sigar kiɗan.

Duniya na yara a cikin kiɗa yana da haske. Idan ɗan baƙin ciki ko baƙin ciki ya ratsa shi, to da sauri ya ba da hanyar farin ciki. Sau da yawa mawaƙa sun ƙirƙira waƙa ga yara bisa tatsuniyoyi. Tatsuniyoyi, waƙoƙi, raye-raye, barkwanci, da tatsuniyoyi suna jan hankalin yara da kyawawan hotuna, suna haifar da amsa mai daɗi daga gare su.

Labarun kiɗa

Hotunan tatsuniyoyi koyaushe suna ɗaukar tunanin yara. Akwai nau'ikan kiɗan da yawa, waɗanda sunayensu nan da nan ke jagorantar ɗan ƙaramin mai sauraro ko mai yin wasan kwaikwayo zuwa sihiri, duniya mai ban mamaki wanda yake ƙauna ga yaro. Irin waɗannan ayyukan ana bambanta su ta hanyar hoto, jikewa na masana'anta na kiɗa tare da fasahohin hoto na sauti.

"Tales of Mother Goose" don ƙungiyar mawaƙa M. Ravel wanda ya yi wa 'ya'yan abokansa na kut-da-kut a cikin 1908. A cikin tarihin ƙasashen Turai daban-daban, sunan mahaifiya Goose yana ɗauke da sunan mai ba da labari. Birtaniya sun fahimci "Uwar Goose" a matsayin magana ta gaba ɗaya - "tsohuwar tsegumi."

An tsara kiɗan wannan aikin don fahimtar yara. An bambanta shi ta hanyar shirye-shiryen convex. Babban rawar da ke cikinta yana taka rawa ta hanyar timbres orchestral masu haske. Yana buɗe ɗakin kwana "Pavane zuwa Kyawun Barci" - mafi ƙarancin yanki a sanduna 20. Ƙwaƙwalwar sarewa tana kunna waƙa mai sanyaya rai, mai ban sha'awa, wanda sai ya bambanta da sauran kayan aikin katako.

Ana kiran yanki na 2 "Tom Thumb". Anan ana nuna hanyar neman hanyar ɗan ƙaramin yaro mai ban sha'awa - ɓangarorin tertsian na violin da ba su da kyau suna ci gaba da sauri sama, sannan ƙasa, sannan komawa. Hayaniyar fuka-fuki da kukan tsuntsayen da ke tashi don taimakonsa ana isar da su ta hanyar virtuoso glissandos da trill na violin uku na solo, da kuma kirarin sarewa.

Labari na 3 yana magana ne game da sarauniyar wanka ta wasu siffofi na kasar Sin, wacce ta yi iyo ga sautin kidan tsana da al'ummarta ke yi a kan kayan harsashi na goro. Yankin yana da ɗanɗanon Sinawa; Jigoginsa sun dogara ne akan ma'aunin pentatonic na kidan kasar Sin. Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙungiyar kaɗe-kaɗe tana yin tattakin ɗan tsana mai kyan gani wanda ya haɗa da celesta, ƙararrawa, xylophone, kuge da tom-toms.

M. Ravel "Mummuna - Empress na Pagodas"

daga jerin "Mother Goose"

Wasan kwaikwayo na 4, waltz, yana ba da labari game da Kyawun da ya ƙaunaci dabbar don kyakkyawar zuciyarsa. A ƙarshe, sihiri ya karye, kuma Dabba ya zama ɗan sarki kyakkyawa. Yara za su iya gane jaruman tatsuniyar cikin sauƙi: ta hanyar sautin waƙar farin ciki na clarinet - Beauty, da babban jigon contrabassoon - yarima mai sihiri da dabba. Lokacin da wani canji na ban mamaki ya faru, Yarima ya fara mallakar waƙar solo violin, sa'an nan kuma cello.

Ƙarshen ɗakin ya zana hoton wani lambu mai ban sha'awa da kyau ("Lambun sihiri").

Mawakan zamani na yara

Kafin masu kirkiro kidan yara a karni na 20. Aiki mai wahala na gabatar da matasa masu yin wasan kwaikwayo da masu sauraro ga fahimtar fasalin ingantaccen harshen kiɗan ya taso. Mawallafin kiɗa na yara an halicce su ta hanyar SS Prokofiev, K. Orff, B. Bartok da sauran fitattun mawaƙa.

Classic na kiɗan zamani SM Slonimsky ya rubuta jerin littattafai masu ban mamaki na guntun piano na yara da manya, "Daga 5 zuwa 50," wanda za'a iya kiransa makarantar piano don nazarin harshen kiɗa na zamani. Littattafan bayanin kula sun haɗa da ƙanana don piano wanda mawaƙi ya ƙirƙira a cikin 60-80s. Wasan "Karrarawa" yana cike da dabarun samar da sauti na zamani. Ana gayyatar matashin mai wasan kwaikwayo don yin koyi da ƙararrawa ta hanyar kunna buɗaɗɗen kirtani na piano tare da kunna maɓalli. An bambanta wasan kwaikwayon ta nau'ikan sifofi na rhythmic iri-iri da maɓalli masu yawa.

CM. Slonimsky "Karrarawa"

Waƙoƙin yara koyaushe sun kasance nau'in da aka fi so a tsakanin mawaƙa na kowane lokaci. A yau, mashahuran mawaƙa suna rubuta waƙoƙin ban dariya, ɓarna don zane-zanen da yara ke so, irin su GG Gladkov, marubucin kiɗa don yawancin zane-zane na yara.

G. Gladkov Music daga zane mai ban dariya "Box of Pencils"