Edward Alexander MacDowell |

Edward MacDowell

Scotland ta ɗan ƙasa. Ya yi karatun piano tun yana yaro tare da MT Carregno, a cikin 1876-1878 - tare da AF Marmontel (piano) da MGO Savard (haɗin kai) a cikin Conservatory na Paris, tare da C. Heyman (piano) da I. Raffa (haɗin kai) a cikin ɗakunan ajiya a cikin Conservatory. Frankfurt am Main. A 1881-1882 ya koyar da piano a Darmstadt Conservatory. Daga 1888 McDowell ya zauna a Boston, wanda aka yi a cikin kide-kide na marubuci. A matsayin mawaki, an kafa shi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar kyawawan ra'ayoyin da ilimi na F. Liszt, al'adun romantics (ka'idar hadawa da wakoki da kiɗa), musamman R. Schumann, da E. Grieg. Farkon MacDowell a matsayin mawaki a Weimar (First Modern Suite, 1883) Liszt ya amince da shi, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga buga ayyukansa na farko. A cikin 1896-1904 ya jagoranci sashin kiɗa a Jami'ar Columbia da ke New York (na farko a Amurka) kuma shine farfesa. Sakamakon rikici da hukumar gudanarwar jami'ar, da ke da nasaba da sake fasalin ilimin kiɗan da ya bunƙasa, ya tilasta masa barin koyarwa. An buga laccocin da ya bayar bayan mutuwa a cikin nau'in tarin Matsalolin Mahimmanci da Tarihi (Boston – NY, 1912).

McDowell ya bayar da hujjar cewa fasahar kida ta kasa da gaske bai kamata ta yi amfani da tarihin kade-kade kawai ba, har ma ta kunshi siffofi na tsarin ruhi, hali, al'adun mutane da yanayin kasar. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa makarantar ƙwararrun mawaƙa ta Amurka, McDowell a karon farko (a cikin manyan nau'ikan) ya juya zuwa waƙar jama'a (Indiya) (jigon "Waƙar Jana'izar" daga 2nd "Indian Suite" ya dogara ne akan ingantacciyar rikodi na makokin jana'izar Indiya) da hotuna na wallafe-wallafen Amurka (gajerun labarai na soyayya ta W. Irving, N. Hawthorne, waƙar lyric ta G. Longfellow, DR Lowell, da sauransu).

Halayen halayen soyayya na McDowell, mai ban sha'awa don nuna yanayin rayuwa, hotuna na rairayi da yanayi sun bayyana a cikin Tatsuniyoyi na Fireside (wasanni 6, Fireside Tales, 1902), New England Idylls (wasanni 10, New England Idyls, 1902), “ Zane-zane na gandun daji" ( guda 10, "Sketches Woodland", 1896), "Forest Idyls" (guda 4, "Forest Idyls") da sauran nau'ikan software na piano, da kuma a cikin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙi akan rubutun nasu.

Aikin McDowell ya ba shi farin jini sosai a Amurka a lokacin rayuwarsa. A cikin wakoki na ban mamaki, rukunin kade-kade, wasan kide-kide na piano da sonatas, shirye-shiryen wakoki sun fi fitowa fili, musamman wadanda ke da alaka da soyayyar arewa. "Arewa" (3rd) da "Celtic" (4th) sonatas McDowell sadaukar da E. Grieg (An kira McDowell "American Grieg"). Melodiousness, dabi'ar nuna soyayya na hotuna na yanayi sune irin salon rubutun sa. McDowell ya daraja ayyukan mawaƙan Rasha, musamman ma PI Tchaikovsky; Ya mallaki kwafin piano na ayyukan ƙungiyar AP Borodin da NA Rimsky-Korsakov. A cikin 1910-1917, McDowell Memorial Society ya gudanar da bikin kiɗa na McDowell na kwanaki 4 na shekara a Peterborough, New Hampshire.

Abubuwan da aka tsara: don ƙungiyar makaɗa. – Alamomi 3. wakoki: Hamlet da Ophelia (1885), Lancelot da Elaine (a cewar A. Tennyson, 1888), Lamia (a cewar J. Keats, 1889), 2 gutsuttsura daga Song of Roland – Saracens, Beautiful Alda (The Saracens, The kyakkyawa Aida, 1891), 2 suites (1891, 1895); don kayan aiki tare da orc. - 2 fp. concerto (a-moll, 1885; d-moll, 1890), soyayya ga wolf. (1888); za fp. - Suites na zamani (Suites na zamani, No 1, 2, 1882-84), 4 sonatas: Tragic, Heroic, Northern, Celtic (Tragica, Eroica, Norse, Keltic, 1893, 1895, 1900, 1901), 6 whims (six fancies) . (Sea guda, 1898), 6 Manta tatsuniyoyi (1887) da sauran hawan keke na wasanni, 6 karatu (1887 littattafai, 1889), 8 virtuoso karatu (1888), Technical motsa jiki (1901 littattafai, 1898, 4); ku 1898fp. - wakoki 12 (2), Hotunan wata (Hotunan wata, babu XK Andersen, 1890); mawakan polygonal, ch. arr. ga miji. kuri'u; zagayowar waƙoƙi - 12 a kan kansa. kalmomi, ciki har da. Daga wani tsohon lambu (waƙa 1894, 2), 1893 a gaba. R. Burns (1895), 2 a ff. WX Gardena (3), a gaba. JW Goethe, Howells; 1886 Tsofaffin waƙoƙi (tsofaffin waƙoƙi guda biyu, 1886).