Luciano Berio |

Luciano Berio

Mawaƙin Italiyanci, jagora kuma malami. Tare da Boulez da Stockhausen, yana cikin mafi mahimmancin mawakan avant-garde na ƙarni na baya-bayan nan.

An haife shi a shekara ta 1925 a cikin dangin mawaƙa a cikin birnin Imperia (yankin Liguria). Bayan yakin, ya yi nazarin abun da ke ciki a Conservatory Milan tare da Giulio Cesare Parebeni da Giorgio Federico Ghedini, da kuma gudanar da Carlo Maria Giulini. Yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mai wasan pianist-mai raka da azuzuwan murya, ya sadu da Katie Berberian, wata mawaƙiyar Ba’amurke ’yar asalin Armeniya mai yawan murya da ba a saba gani ba, wadda ta ƙware da dabarun waƙa iri-iri. Ta zama matar farko ta mawakin, muryarta ta musamman ta zaburar da shi ga yin bincike mai karfin gwiwa a cikin wakar murya. A 1951 ya ziyarci Amurka, inda ya yi karatu a Tanglewood Music Center tare da Luigi Dallapiccola, wanda ya tada Berio sha'awar a New Vienna School da dodecaphony. A cikin 1954-59. Ya halarci kwasa-kwasan Darmstadt, inda ya sadu da Boulez, Stockhausen, Kagel, Ligeti da sauran mawaƙa na matasan Turai avant-garde. Ba da daɗewa ba, ya ƙaura daga fasahar Darmstadt; aikinsa ya fara ci gaba a cikin jagorancin wasan kwaikwayo na gwaji, neo-folklorism, tasirin surrealism, rashin fahimta da structuralism ya fara karuwa a ciki - musamman ma marubuta da masu tunani kamar James Joyce, Samuel Beckett, Claude Levi-Strauss, Umberto. Eco. Daukar kiɗan lantarki, a cikin 1955 Berio ya kafa Studio of Musical Phonology a Milan, inda ya gayyaci shahararrun mawaƙa, musamman, John Cage da Henri Pousseur. A lokaci guda, ya fara buga mujallar game da kiɗan lantarki mai suna "Musical Meetings" (Incontri Musicali).

A cikin 1960 ya sake barin Amurka, inda ya fara zama "mawaƙi a wurin zama" a Tanglewood kuma a lokaci guda yana koyarwa a Makarantar bazara ta Duniya ta Dartington (1960-62), sannan ya koyar a Kwalejin Mills a Oakland, California (1962). -65), kuma bayan Wannan - a Makarantar Juilliard a New York (1965-72), inda ya kafa Juilliard Ensemble (Juilliard Ensemble) na kiɗan zamani. A cikin 1968, an ƙaddamar da Symphony Berio a New York tare da babban nasara. A cikin 1974-80 ya jagoranci sashen kiɗa-acoustic na kiɗa a Cibiyar Bincike da Gudanar da Acoustics da Kiɗa na Paris (IRCAM), wanda Boulez ya kafa. A cikin 1987 ya kafa irin wannan cibiyar kiɗa a Florence mai suna Real Time (Tempo Reale). A cikin 1993-94 ya ba da jerin laccoci a Jami'ar Harvard, kuma a cikin 1994-2000 ya kasance "fitaccen mawaki a wurin zama" na wannan jami'a. A cikin 2000, Berio ya zama shugaban kasa kuma mai kula da Kwalejin Santa Cecilia ta kasa a Rome. A wannan birni, mawaki ya mutu a shekara ta 2003.

Kiɗa na Berio yana da alaƙa da amfani da gauraye dabaru, gami da duka abubuwan atonal da na neotonal, zance da dabarun haɗin gwiwa. Ya haɗa sautin kayan aiki da ƙararrakin lantarki da sautin maganganun ɗan adam, a cikin shekarun 1960 ya yi ƙoƙarin yin wasan kwaikwayo na gwaji. A lokaci guda, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Levi-Strauss, ya juya zuwa ga al'ada: sakamakon wannan sha'awa ya kasance "Waƙoƙin Jama'a" (1964), wanda aka rubuta don Berberyan. Wani muhimmin nau'i mai mahimmanci a cikin aikin Berio shine jerin "Sequences" (Sequenza), kowannensu an rubuta shi don kayan aikin solo ɗaya (ko murya - kamar Sequenza III, wanda aka halicce shi don Berberian). A cikinsu, mawallafin ya haɗu da sababbin ra'ayoyin tsarawa tare da sababbin fasahohin wasan kwaikwayo a kan waɗannan kayan aikin. Kamar yadda Stockhausen ya ƙirƙiri “allon madannai” a duk rayuwarsa, don haka Berio ya ƙirƙiri ayyukan 1958 a cikin wannan nau'in daga 2002 zuwa 14, yana nuna ƙayyadaddun duk lokacin ƙirƙirar sa.

Tun daga shekarun 1970s, salon Berio yana fuskantar canje-canje: abubuwan tunani da ban sha'awa suna ƙaruwa a cikin kiɗan sa. Daga baya, mawakin ya sadaukar da kansa ga wasan opera. Babban mahimmanci a cikin aikinsa shi ne shirye-shiryen wasu mawaƙa - ko kaɗe-kaɗe inda ya shiga tattaunawa da kayan kida na wasu. Berio shine marubucin kade-kade da rubuce-rubuce na Monteverdi, Boccherini, Manuel de Falla, Kurt Weill. Ya mallaki nau'ikan wasan kwaikwayo na Mozart's operas (Zaida) da Puccini's (Turandot), da kuma tsarin "tattaunawa" dangane da guntuwar abin da aka fara amma ba a gama ba na Schubert ba a cikin D manyan (DV 936A) mai taken "Ragewa" (Magana, Ma'ana, 1990).

A shekara ta 1966 an ba shi lambar yabo ta Italiya, daga baya - Order of Merit na Jamhuriyar Italiya. Ya kasance memba na girmamawa na Royal Academy of Music (London, 1988), memba na ƙasashen waje mai daraja na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka (1994), wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Ernst von Siemens Music Prize (1989).

Source: meloman.ru