Kalyuka: ƙirar kayan aiki, sauti, tarihi, fasaha na wasa, iri

Kalyuk na kayan kida na iska yana da sunaye da yawa: sarewa da yawa, bututun ganye, distillation, kuma wannan ba cikakken jerin bane. Kalyuka ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin kusan dukkanin mutanen Turai, silinda ce mai ramuka, ramuka daga ciki, wanda aka yi daga tsire-tsire masu tsayi (hogweed, angelica, tartar).

Zane da ƙera

Zane na kayan aiki yana da sauƙi sosai; a zamanin da, kowane baƙo zai iya yin bututun ganye. Busasshen shuka na shuka yana da ramuka 2: na sama, don busa iska, na ƙasa, don busawa. Don cire sautin sarewa, kusa da saman akwai wani ƙarin rami, wanda ake kira muzzle (whistle).

Wani muhimmin batu shine zaɓi na girman kalyuki. Jikin mawaƙin, tsayinsa ya zama jagora. Samfurin yara a matsakaici bai wuce 30 cm ba, manya na iya kaiwa 85 cm. An yi imani da cewa, da kyau, mai yin wasan ya kamata ya isa rami na kasa da yatsunsa. Sabili da haka, lokacin yin samfurin, mun ɗauki a matsayin tushen nisa daga kafada zuwa tip na yatsunsu.

Daga ciki, akwati yana da siffar mazugi: fadi a sama fiye da kasa (bambanci shine game da 1 cm).

Da farko, kayan aikin jama'a an yi su ne kawai daga tsirrai. Busassun mai tushe suna aiki azaman kayan:

• piper;
• m tartar;
• hogweed;
• mahaifiya;
• kabewa.

Daga baya, sun fara ɗaukar itace a matsayin tushen - musamman, bast, wanda aka raunata a kusa da yatsa, yana haifar da mazugi mara kyau.

An yi la'akari da Kalyuka a matsayin kayan aiki na yanayi: ba shi da wuyar ƙira, kayan halitta suna aiki azaman kayan aiki. Ana iya jefar da shi nan da nan bayan amfani, ba a adana shi na dogon lokaci ba.

Dokokin masana'anta:

• Lokacin amfani da kullin tartar a matsayin tushe, an yanke karukan daga ciki, an huda membranes a ciki, tabbatar da cewa babu huda a jiki.
• An duba aikin aikin don amincin: wuraren da ya wuce iska an shafa shi da gurasar burodi.
• Babban sashi ya kamata ya zama mai kauri fiye da ƙasa, don haka an yanke ƙananan ɓangaren shuka: kara ya fi nama a tushen.
• Don shigarwar, an yi yanke tsattsauran ra'ayi. Don busa (muzzle) - yanke a kusurwar 45 °.

Tarihin asali

Ba a san ainihin lokacin bayyanar bututun na ganye ba, mai yiwuwa, ya wanzu a cikin tsohuwar Rasha, kuma ya kasance na kowa a tsakanin mazauna karkara. An yi amfani da kayan aikin don maza, Wasan yana tare da waƙoƙi, raye-raye, kowane biki, bukukuwa.

Nazari na farko da kwatancin bayanan kayan aikin gargajiya na Rasha sun koma 1980. A lokacin, da yawa tsofaffin ƙauyuka, waɗanda ke tsakanin Belgorod da Voronezh, sun mallaki Play a kan karu. Daga labarunsu, an san cewa a farkon karni na XIX, wannan samfurin ya kasance sananne kuma ya yadu a tsakanin mazauna ƙauyen.

Ƙwararrun mawaƙa sun ba wa kayan aikin daɗaɗɗen sunan kimiyya - busa sarewa. A yau ita ce cikakkiyar memba na ƙungiyoyi da yawa waɗanda ke yin kiɗan gargajiya na Rasha.

Dabarun wasa

Ana yin sauti lokacin da mai yin wasan ya rufe kuma ya buɗe rami a kasan harka. Babban fasaha na Play yana da yawa. Mawaƙin yana jagorantar jet na iska zuwa cikin rami na sama, yana buɗewa da rufe ƙasa cikin lokaci tare da kari na waƙar.

Dangane da sauti, iyawar kalyuk suna da faɗi sosai: mashawartan kunna wannan kayan aikin suna haɓaka wasan tare da tsawa.

iri

Kalyuks an bambanta su da kayan da suka kafa tushen su:

• batsa;
• kududdufi (wanda za a iya zubarwa);
• prickly (darajar fiye da sauran, alama ce ta wadata).

Ana iya samun nau'ikan Kaluki a yawancin ƙasashen Turai, sunan kawai yana canzawa: selfeit, selpipa (Sweden), payupilli (Finland), selefleita (Norway).

Ana ɗaukar samfura masu zuwa a mafi yawan gama gari:

• Willow sarewa - kayan aiki: itacen willow, wani lokacin wasu nau'ikan itace (alder, ash ash, ash). Wurin rarraba - ƙasashen Scandinavian.
• Tilinka kayan aikin jama'a ne na Romania, Moldova, Ukraine na matsakaicin girman (30-60 cm).
• Ƙarshen shine nau'in Slovak. Tsawon jiki ya kai 90 cm, ramuka - 3 cm. Material - hazel. Makiyaya ne ke amfani da su.