Ivan Semyonovich Kozlovsky |

Ivan Kozlovsky ya

Shahararriyar mawaƙa Vera Dulova ta rubuta cewa:

""Akwai sunaye a cikin fasaha waɗanda aka ba su da wani nau'in ikon sihiri. ambaton su kawai yana kawo wa ruhi fara'a na waƙa. Wadannan kalmomi na Rasha mawaki Serov za a iya cikakken dangana ga Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky - girman kai na mu kasa al'adu.

Na kasance ina sauraron faifan mawaƙin kwanan nan. Na yi mamakin sake-sake, domin kowane abu aikin gwaninta ne. A nan, alal misali, aiki tare da irin wannan suna mai ladabi da gaskiya - "Green Grove" - ​​nasa ne ga alkalami mai girma na Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev. An rubuta shi cikin kalmomin jama'a, yana kama da waƙar Rasha ta gaske. Kuma ta yaya mai tausayi, yadda Kozlovsky ke shiga cikin shi.

Ya kasance a ko da yaushe a kan ido. Wannan ya shafi ba kawai ga sabon siffofin yi, wanda kullum captivate shi, amma kuma ga repertoire. Wadanda ke halartar kide-kide nasa sun san cewa mawakin koyaushe zai yi wani sabon abu, wanda masu sauraronsa ba su sani ba har yanzu. Zan ƙara cewa: kowane shirinsa yana cike da wani abu na ban mamaki. Kamar jiran wani asiri ne, mu'ujiza. Gabaɗaya, ga alama a gare ni cewa fasaha ya kamata koyaushe ya zama ɗan ƙaramin asiri…”

An haifi Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky a ranar 24 ga Maris, 1900 a ƙauyen Maryanovka, lardin Kyiv. Abubuwan ra'ayoyin kiɗa na farko a rayuwar Vanya suna da alaƙa da mahaifinsa, wanda ya rera waƙa da kyau kuma ya buga harmonica na Viennese. Yaron yana da farkon son kiɗa da waƙa, yana da kunne na musamman da kyakkyawar murya ta halitta.

Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa Vanya yana matashi ya fara rera waƙa a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta gidan jama'ar Triniti a Kyiv. Ba da da ewa Kozlovsky ya riga ya kasance soloist na Bolshoi Academic Choir. Ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta jagorancin sanannen mawakiyar Ukrainian da mawaƙa A. Koshyts, wanda ya zama mashawarci na farko na gwanin mawaƙa. Ya kasance a kan shawarar Koshyts cewa a cikin 1917 Kozlovsky ya shiga Kyiv Music and Drama Institute a vocal sashen, a cikin aji na Farfesa EA Muravieva.

Bayan kammala karatunsa tare da girmamawa daga cibiyar a 1920, Ivan ya ba da gudummawa ga Red Army. An sanya shi zuwa Brigade na 22 na Infantry na Sojojin Injiniya kuma an tura shi Poltava. Bayan samun izini don haɗa sabis tare da aikin kide kide, Kozlovsky yana shiga cikin ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo na Poltava Music da Drama Theater. A nan Kozlovsky, a zahiri, an kafa shi azaman opera artist. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da aria a cikin "Natalka-Poltavka" da "May Night" na Lysenko, "Eugene Onegin", "Demon", "Dubrovsky", "Pebble" na Moniuszko, irin wannan alhakin da fasaha hadaddun sassa kamar Faust, Alfred ("La" Traviata "), Duke ("Rigoletto").

A 1924, da singer shiga cikin tawagar na Kharkov Opera House, inda ya gayyace ta shugaban AM Pazovsky. Kyakkyawan halarta a karon a Faust da abubuwan da suka biyo baya sun ba da damar matashin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ya ɗauki babban matsayi a cikin ƙungiyar. Bayan shekara guda, ya ƙi wani tayin mai ban sha'awa kuma mai daraja daga shahararren gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mariinsky, mai zane ya isa Sverdlovsk Opera House. A shekarar 1926, sunan Kozlovsky ya fara bayyana a Moscow posters. A babban mataki, singer ya fara halarta a karon a kan mataki na reshe na Bolshoi Theater a cikin wani ɓangare na Alfred a La Traviata. MM Ippolitov-Ivanov ya ce bayan wasan kwaikwayon: "Wannan mawaƙi wani lamari ne mai ban sha'awa a cikin fasaha ..."

Kozlovsky ya zo gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi ba a matsayin mai halarta ba, amma a matsayin babban mashawarci.

A farkon kakar aiki na matasa singer a Bolshoi Theater VI Nemirovich-Danchenko gaya masa a karshen play "Romeo Juliet": "Kai ne wani sabon abu m mutum. Kuna adawa da halin yanzu kuma kada ku nemi masu tausayawa, kuna jefa kanku cikin guguwar sabani da gidan wasan kwaikwayon ke fuskanta a halin yanzu. Na fahimci cewa yana da wahala a gare ku kuma abubuwa da yawa suna tsoratar da ku, amma tun da ƙarfin tunanin ku yana ƙarfafa ku - kuma ana jin wannan a cikin komai - kuma salon ƙirar ku yana bayyane a ko'ina, yin iyo ba tare da tsayawa ba, kada ku yi santsi kuma kada ku yi santsi. ku yi tsammanin jin tausayin waɗanda kuke ganin baƙon abu gare su.”

Amma ra'ayin Natalia Shpiller: "A cikin tsakiyar XNUMXs, wani sabon suna ya bayyana a Bolshoi Theater - Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky. Ƙaƙwalwar murya, salon waƙa, bayanan wasan kwaikwayo - duk abin da ke cikin matashin mai zane ya bayyana wani furci, wanda ba kasafai ba. Muryar Kozlovsky ba ta taɓa yin ƙarfi musamman ba. Amma fitar da sauti na kyauta, ikon tattarawa ya ba wa mawaƙa damar "yanke" manyan wurare. Kozlovsky na iya raira waƙa tare da kowace ƙungiyar makaɗa da kowane gungu. Muryarsa koyaushe tana sauti a sarari, da ƙarfi, ba tare da inuwar tashin hankali ba. Ƙwaƙwalwar numfashi, sassauci da iyawa, sauƙi mara kyau a cikin rajista na sama, cikakkiyar ƙamus - mawallafin mawaƙa na gaske, wanda a cikin shekaru ya kawo muryarsa zuwa mafi girman darajar kirki ... "

A 1927, Kozlovskiy rera wawa Mai Tsarki, wanda ya zama kololuwa rawa a cikin m biography na singer da kuma na gaskiya fitacciyar a duniya na yin arts. Daga yanzu wannan hoton ya zama ba a raba shi da sunan mahaliccinsa.

Ga abin da P. Pichugin ya rubuta: “... Lensky na Tchaikovsky da wawa na Mussorgsky. Yana da wuya a samu a cikin dukan Rasha opera litattafansu more dissimilar, mafi bambanci, ko da zuwa wani iyaka baki a cikin zalla m aesthetics, hotuna, da kuma a halin yanzu duka Lensky da Mai Tsarki wawa ne kusan daidai da mafi girma nasarorin na Kozlovsky. An rubuta da yawa kuma an faɗi game da waɗannan sassa na artist, kuma duk da haka ba zai yiwu ba a sake cewa game da Yurodivy, hoton da Kozlovsky ya yi tare da ikon da ba zai iya misaltuwa ba, wanda a cikin ayyukansa a cikin salon Pushkin ya zama babban ma'anar "kaddara". na mutane”, muryar jama’a, kukan wahalarsa, kotu lamirinsa. Duk abin da ke cikin wannan yanayin, wanda Kozlovsky ya yi tare da fasaha mara kyau, daga farkon zuwa kalmar ƙarshe da ya furta, daga waƙar maras kyau na wawa mai tsarki "Wata yana zuwa, kyanwa yana kuka" zuwa sanannen jumla "Ba za ku iya yin addu'a ba. domin Tsar Hirudus" yana cike da irin wannan zurfin zurfi, ma'ana da ma'ana, irin wannan gaskiyar rayuwa (da gaskiyar fasaha), wanda ke tayar da wannan rawar da ya taka zuwa ga mafi girman bala'i ... Akwai matsayi a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na duniya (a can). kadan ne daga cikinsu!), Waɗanda suka daɗe suna haɗuwa a cikin tunaninmu da ɗaya ko wani fitaccen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Irin wannan shi ne wawa mai tsarki. Zai kasance har abada a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarmu kamar Yurodivy - Kozlovsky.

Tun daga wannan lokacin, mai zane ya rera waƙa kuma ya taka rawar kusan hamsin daban-daban a matakin wasan opera. O. Dashevskaya ya rubuta: "A kan mataki na wannan shahararren gidan wasan kwaikwayo, ya rera waƙa da sassa daban-daban - lyrical da almara, ban mamaki, da kuma wani lokacin ban tausayi. Mafi kyawun su shine Astrologer ("The Golden Cockerel" na NA Rimsky-Korsakov) da Jose ("Carmen" na G. Bizet), Lohengrin ("Lohengrin" na R. Wagner) da kuma Prince ("Love for Uku lemu). "Na SS Prokofiev), Lensky da Berendey, Almaviva da Faust, Verdi's Alfred da Duke - yana da wuya a lissafta duk ayyukan. Haɗa haɓakar ilimin falsafa tare da daidaiton halayen zamantakewa da halayen halayen halayen, Kozlovsky ya ƙirƙiri hoto wanda ya keɓanta a cikin mutunci, iyawa da daidaiton tunani. "Halayensa suna ƙauna, sun sha wahala, tunaninsu ya kasance mai sauƙi, na halitta, mai zurfi da kuma zuciya," in ji mawaƙa EV Shumskaya.

A 1938, a kan himma na VI Nemirovich-Danchenko da kuma a karkashin m shugabanci na Kozlovsky aka halitta Jihar Opera gungu na Tarayyar Soviet. Irin shahararrun mawaƙa kamar MP Maksakova, IS Patorzhinsky, MI Litvinenko-Wolgemuth, II Petrov, a matsayin masu ba da shawara - AV Nezhdanov da NS Golovanov. A cikin shekaru uku na wanzuwar gungu, Ivan Sergeevich ya gudanar da wasanni masu ban sha'awa na wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo: "Werther" na J. Massenet, "Pagliacci" na R. Leoncavallo, "Orpheus" na K. Gluck. , "Mozart da Salieri" ta NA Rimsky-Korsakov, "Katerina" NN Arcas, "Gianni Schicchi" na G. Puccini.

Ga abin da mawallafin KA Korchmarev game da wasan kwaikwayo na farko na gungu, opera Werther: "An shigar da hotunan launin ruwan kasa na asali a duk fadin matakin Babban Hall na Conservatory. Saman su yana da haske: ana iya ganin madugu ta cikin ramummuka, bakuna, ungulu da ƙaho suna walƙiya lokaci zuwa lokaci. A gaban allon akwai kayan haɗi masu sauƙi, tebur, kujeru. A cikin wannan sigar, IS Kozlovsky ya yi kwarewar jagoranci ta farko…

Mutum yana samun cikakkiyar ra'ayi na wasan kwaikwayo, amma wanda kiɗa ke taka rawar gani. A wannan batun, Kozlovsky na iya daukar kansa a matsayin mai nasara. Mawaƙin, wanda ke kan dandali ɗaya tare da mawaƙa, yana jin daɗi koyaushe, amma ba ya nutsar da mawaƙa. Kuma a lokaci guda, hotunan mataki suna da rai. Suna iya yin sha'awa, kuma daga wannan gefen, wannan samarwa yana sauƙin kwatanta tare da kowane aikin da ke gudana a mataki. Kwarewar Kozlovsky, kamar yadda ya cancanta, ya cancanci kulawa sosai.

A lokacin yakin, Kozlovsky, a matsayin wani ɓangare na brigades na wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka yi a gaban mayakan, ya ba da kide-kide a garuruwan da aka 'yantar.

A cikin post-yaki lokacin, ban da yin a matsayin soloist Ivan Semenovich ya ci gaba da jagorancin aiki - shirya da dama operas.

Tun daga farkon aikinsa, Kozlovsky ya haɗu da wasan opera tare da wasan kwaikwayo. Repertoire na kide-kide ya hada da daruruwan ayyuka. Anan akwai cantatas na Bach, zagayowar Beethoven “Zuwa Masoyi Mai Nisa”, Zagayen Schumann “Ƙaunar Mawaƙiya”, waƙoƙin jama'a na Ukrainian da Rasha. Wani wuri na musamman yana shagaltar da romances, daga cikin marubuta - Glinka, Taneyev, Rachmaninov, Dargomyzhsky, Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, Medtner, Grechaninov, Varlamov, Bulakhov da Gurilev.

P. Pichugin ya lura:

"Wani muhimmin wuri a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kozlovsky yana da tsohuwar soyayya ta Rasha. Kozlovsky ba kawai "gane" da yawa daga cikinsu ga masu sauraro, kamar, misali, "Winter Maraice" na M. Yakovlev ko "Na sadu da ku", wanda aka sani a duniya a yau. Ya ƙirƙira wani salo na musamman na aikinsu, ba tare da kowane irin salon zaƙi ko ƙarya ba, kusa da yanayin yanayi na wannan yanayi, yin kida na "gida", a cikin yanayin da waɗannan ƙananan lu'ulu'u na muryar Rasha An ƙirƙira waƙoƙi kuma an yi su a lokaci ɗaya.

A cikin rayuwarsa ta fasaha, Kozlovsky yana riƙe da ƙauna marar canzawa ga waƙoƙin jama'a. Babu bukatar a ce da abin da gaskiya da dumi Ivan Semyonovich Kozlovsky raira waƙa Ukrainian songs masoyi ga zuciyarsa. Ka tuna da abin da ba ya misaltuwa a cikin wasan kwaikwayonsa "Rana ta yi ƙasa", "Oh, kada ku yi surutu, kududdufi", "Drive Cossack", "Na yi mamakin sararin sama", "Oh, akwai kuka a filin" , "Idan na dauki bandura". Amma Kozlovsky - mai ban mamaki fassarar Rasha jama'a songs kuma. Ya isa a ba da suna irin waɗannan mutane kamar "Linden ƙarni-ƙarni", "Oh yes, kai, Kalinushka", "Ravens, daring", "Ba wata hanya da ke gudana a filin." Wannan na ƙarshe na Kozlovsky shine ainihin waƙa, an ba da labarin dukan rayuwa a cikin waƙa. Abin da ta gani ba za a manta da shi ba ne.

Kuma a cikin tsufa, mai zane ba ya rage ayyukan kirkire-kirkire. Babu wani abu mai mahimmanci a cikin rayuwar kasar da ya cika ba tare da halartar Kozlovsky ba. A himma na singer, da aka bude music makaranta a mahaifarsa a Maryanovka. Anan Ivan Semenovich ya yi aiki tare da ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙananan mawaƙa, wanda ya yi tare da ƙungiyar mawaƙa na ɗalibai.

Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1993.

Boris Pokrovsky ya rubuta cewa: “IS Kozlovsky shafi ne mai haske a tarihin fasahar wasan opera na Rasha. Waƙoƙin mawaƙin opera mawaƙin opera Tchaikovsky; grotesque na yarima Prokofiev cikin ƙauna tare da lemu uku; matashi na har abada mai kula da kyakkyawa Berendey da mawaƙa na Rimsky-Korsakov "Indiya mai nisa na mu'ujiza", manzo mai haske na Grail na Richard Wagner; Duke na Mantua G. Verdi mai ruɗi, Alfred marar natsuwa; Mai daraja mai ɗaukar fansa Dubrovsky … Daga cikin manyan jerin ayyukan da aka yi da kyau akwai a cikin tarihin tarihin IS Kozlovsky da kuma babban ƙwararren ƙwararren gaske - siffar wawa a cikin wasan opera M. Mussorgsky "Boris Godunov". Ƙirƙirar hoto na gargajiya a cikin gidan wasan opera abu ne mai wuyar gaske ... Rayuwa da ayyukan kirkire-kirkire na IS Kozlovsky misali ne ga duk wanda ya ɗauki aikin zama mai zane da kuma yi wa mutane hidima da fasaharsa.