Géza Anda |

Geza Anda

Kafin Geza Anda ya ɗauki matsayi mai ƙarfi a duniyar pianistic na zamani, ya bi ta hanyar ci gaba mai rikitarwa, mai cin karo da juna. Dukansu siffar mai zane da kuma dukkan tsarin samar da fasaha suna da alama suna yin nuni ga dukan tsararrun mawaƙa masu yin kida, kamar dai suna mai da hankali ga cancantar sa da ba za a iya jayayya ba da kuma raunin halayensa.

Anda ya girma a cikin iyalin mawaƙa mai son, yana da shekaru 13 ya shiga makarantar Liszt Academy of Music a Budapest, inda daga cikin malamansa akwai mashahurin E. Donany. Ya haɗu da karatunsa tare da aikin motsa jiki: ya ba da darussan piano, ya sami rayuwarsa ta hanyar yin wasan kwaikwayo iri-iri, har ma a gidajen cin abinci da wuraren rawa. Shekaru shida na karatu ya kawo Anda ba kawai difloma ba, har ma da lambar yabo ta Listov, wanda ya ba ta damar yin ta halarta a karon a Budapest. Ya yi wasa, tare da rakiyar ƙungiyar makaɗa da shahararren V. Mengelberg, Concerto na Biyu na Brahms ke gudanarwa. Nasarar ta yi matukar girma har gungun fitattun mawakan karkashin jagorancin 3. Kodai ya samu gurbin karatu ga hazikin mai fasaha, wanda ya ba shi damar ci gaba da karatu a Berlin. Kuma a nan ya yi sa'a: wasan kwaikwayo na Franck's Symphonic Variations tare da shahararrun Philharmonics karkashin jagorancin Mengelberg yana da matukar godiya ga masu suka da masu hankali. Duk da haka, yanayin zalunci na babban birnin fascist bai kasance mai son mai zane ba, kuma ya sami takardar shaidar likita ta karya, ya yi tafiya zuwa Switzerland (wanda ake zaton don magani). Anan Anda ya kammala karatunsa a karkashin jagorancin Edwin Fischer kuma ya zauna, daga baya, a cikin 1954, yana samun takardar zama dan kasar Switzerland.

Yawon shakatawa da yawa ya kawo sunan Anda Turai a ƙarshen 50s; a shekarar 1955, masu sauraren biranen Amurka da dama sun hadu da shi, a shekarar 1963 ya fara waka a kasar Japan. Dukkan matakai na ayyukan mai zane bayan yakin suna nunawa akan rikodin phonograph, wanda ke ba mutum damar yin hukunci akan juyin halittarsa. A cikin ƙuruciyarsa, Anda ya jawo hankali da farko tare da basirarsa ta "manual", kuma har zuwa tsakiyar 50s, rubutun nasa yana da bambanci na kirki. Kadan daga cikin takwarorinsa ne suka yi bambance-bambance mafi wahala na Brahms akan jigo na Paganini ko Liszt na ban mamaki tare da irin wannan ƙarfin zuciya da ƙarfin gwiwa. Amma a hankali Mozart ya zama cibiyar abubuwan kirkire-kirkire na mawakan piano. Ya yi ta maimaitawa kuma yana yin rikodin duk wasan kwaikwayo na Mozart (ciki har da 5 na farko), yana karɓar lambobin yabo na duniya da yawa don waɗannan rikodin.

Tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 50s, yana bin misalin mai ba shi shawara E. Fischer, sau da yawa ya yi wasan pianist-conductor, wanda ya fi yin kide-kide na Mozart kuma yana samun kyakkyawan sakamako na fasaha a wannan. A ƙarshe, don yawancin wasan kwaikwayo na Mozart, ya rubuta nasa cadenzas, yana haɗa nau'in halitta mai salo tare da hazaka da fasaha.

Fassarar Mozart, Anda ko da yaushe ya yi ƙoƙari ya isar da masu sauraro abin da ke kusa da shi a cikin aikin wannan mawallafin - sauƙi na waƙar waƙa, tsabta da tsabta na piano na piano, alherin da aka shimfiɗa, da kyakkyawan fata. Mafi kyawun tabbatar da nasarorin da ya samu a wannan batun ba shine ko da sake dubawa na masu dubawa ba, amma gaskiyar cewa Clara Haskil - mafi wayo kuma mafi yawan mawaƙa - ta zaɓi shi a matsayin abokin tarayya don wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na Mozart biyu. Amma a lokaci guda, fasahar Anda na dogon lokaci ba ta da fargabar jin daɗin rayuwa, zurfin motsin rai, musamman a lokacin tashin hankali da kololuwa. Ba a zarge shi ba tare da dalili ba saboda kyawawan halaye na sanyi, saurin saurin da bai dace ba, salon jimla, tsantseni mai wuce kima, an tsara shi don ɓoye ƙarancin abun ciki na gaske.

Koyaya, rikodin Anda's Mozart yana ba mu damar yin magana game da juyin halittar fasaharsa. Sabbin faya-fayan fayafai na jerin wasannin Concertos na All Mozart (tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa na Salzburg Mozarteum), wanda mai zane ya kammala a bakin kofa na ranar haihuwarsa na 50, an yi masa alama da duhu, babban sauti, sha'awar abin tarihi, zurfin falsafa, wanda shine an jaddada ta hanyar zaɓi mafi matsakaici fiye da da , temp. Wannan bai ba da wani takamaiman dalili na ganin alamun canje-canje na asali a cikin salon pianistic ɗin mai zane ba, amma kawai ya tunatar da shi cewa balagaggen ƙirƙira babu makawa ya bar alamarta.

Don haka, Geza Anda ya sami suna a matsayin ɗan wasan pian mai ƙirƙira ƙirƙira - da farko "kwararre" a Mozart. Sai dai shi da kansa ya yi sabani sosai da irin wannan hukunci. “Kalmar “kwararre” ba ta da ma’ana,” Anda ya taɓa gaya wa wakilin mujallar Slovak mai kyau Life. – Na fara da Chopin kuma ga mutane da yawa a lokacin ni kwararre ne a Chopin. Sai na buga Brahms kuma nan da nan aka yi mini lakabi da "Bramsian". Don haka duk wani lakabi wauta ce.”

Waɗannan kalmomi suna da nasu gaskiyar. Lallai Geza Anda ya kasance babban mai fasaha, balagagge mai fasaha wanda ko da yaushe, a cikin kowane repretore, yana da abin da zai gaya wa jama'a kuma ya san yadda ake faɗa. Ka tuna cewa shi ne kusan na farko da ya fara wasa duka uku na kide-kiden piano na Bartók a maraice ɗaya. Ya mallaki rikodi mai kyau na waɗannan wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma Rhapsody don Piano da Orchestra (Op. 1), wanda aka yi tare da haɗin gwiwar shugaba F. Fritchi. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Anda ya ƙara komawa Beethoven (wanda bai taɓa yin wasa ba a baya), zuwa Schubert, Schumann, Brahms, Liszt. Daga cikin rikodin nasa akwai duka wasan kwaikwayo na Brahms (tare da Karajan), kide kide na Grieg, Beethoven's Diabelli Waltz Variations, Fantasia in C major, Kreisleriana, Schumann's Davidsbündler Dances.

Amma kuma gaskiya ne cewa a cikin kiɗan Mozart ne aka bayyana mafi kyawun fasalin pianism ɗinsa - kyalli, gogewa, kuzari -, watakila, tare da cikakkiyar cikawa. Bari mu ƙara cewa, sun kasance wani nau'i na ma'auni na abin da ya bambanta dukan tsararru na pianists na Mozartian.

Tasirin Geza Anda a kan wannan tsara ba shi da tabbas. An ƙaddara ba kawai ta hanyar wasansa ba, har ma ta hanyar aikin ilmantarwa mai aiki. Da yake kasancewarsa ba makawa ɗan takara na bukukuwan Salzburg tun 1951, ya kuma gudanar da azuzuwa tare da matasa mawaƙa a birnin Mozart; a cikin 1960, jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarsa, Edwin Fischer ya ba shi ajinsa a Lucerne, kuma daga baya Anda ya koyar da fassarar kowane lokacin rani a Zurich. Mawaƙin ya tsara ƙa'idodin koyarwarsa kamar haka: “Dalibai suna wasa, ina saurare. Yawancin masu pian suna tunani da yatsunsu, amma manta cewa kiɗa da ci gaban fasaha ɗaya ne. Piano, kamar gudanarwa, ya kamata ya buɗe sabon hangen nesa. " Babu shakka, ɗimbin ƙwarewa da faɗin ra'ayi da suka zo cikin shekaru da yawa sun ba wa mai zane damar buɗe wa ɗalibansa waɗannan hazaƙa na kiɗa. Mun ƙara da cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Anda yakan yi aiki a matsayin madugu. Mutuwar da ba zato ba tsammani ba ta ƙyale basirar sa ta bayyana gaba ɗaya ba. Ya mutu makonni biyu bayan wasan kwaikwayo na cin nasara a Bratislava, birnin da ya fara halarta a karon tare da kade-kade na kade-kade da Ludovit Reiter ya gudanar shekaru da yawa da suka gabata.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.