Frederick Delius (Dilius) (Frederick Delius) |

Frederick Delius ne adam wata

Bai sami ƙwararriyar ilimin kiɗa ba. Sa’ad da yake yaro, ya koyi buga violin. A shekara ta 1884 ya tafi Amurka, inda ya yi aiki a kan gonakin lemu, ya ci gaba da karatun kiɗa da kansa, ya ɗauki darasi daga ƙungiyar TF Ward na gida. Ya yi nazarin tarihin Negro, ciki har da ruhaniya, abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ɗakin wasan kwaikwayo na "Florida" (Dilius's debut, 1886), waƙar waƙar "Hiawatha" (bayan G. Longfellow), waƙar mawaƙa da mawaƙa "Appalachian" , wasan opera "Koang" da sauransu. Komawa Turai, ya yi karatu tare da H. Sitt, S. Jadasson da K. Reinecke a Leipzig Conservatory (1886-1888).

A cikin 1887 Dilius ya ziyarci Norway; E. Grieg ya rinjayi Dilius, wanda ya yaba da basirarsa sosai. Daga baya, Dilius ya rubuta kiɗa don wasan siyasa na ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Norwegian G. Heiberg ("Folkeraadet" - "Majalisar Jama'a", 1897); Har ila yau, ya koma cikin jigon Norwegian a cikin aikin wasan kwaikwayo "Sketches of a Northern Country" da ballad "Da zarar Kan Lokaci" ("Eventyr", bisa "Tatsuniyoyi na Norway" na P. Asbjørnsen, 1917), waƙoƙin waƙa a kan. Rubutun Norwegian ("Lieder auf norwegische Texte" , zuwa waƙar B. Bjornson da G. Ibsen, 1889-90).

A cikin 1900s ya juya zuwa batutuwan Danish a cikin opera Fenimore da Gerda (dangane da labari Niels Lin na EP Jacobsen, 1908-10; post. 1919, Frankfurt am Main); Hakanan ya rubuta waƙoƙi akan Jacobsen, X. Drachmann da L. Holstein. Daga 1888 ya zauna a Faransa, na farko a Paris, sannan har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa a Gre-sur-Loing, kusa da Fontainebleau, lokaci-lokaci kawai yana ziyartar ƙasarsa. Ya sadu da IA ​​Strindberg, P. Gauguin, M. Ravel da F. Schmitt.

Daga ƙarshen karni na 19 A cikin aikin Dilius, tasirin Impressionists yana da kyau, wanda aka bayyana musamman a cikin hanyoyin ƙungiyar kiɗa da launi na palette mai sauti. Ayyukan Dilius, wanda aka yiwa alama ta asali, yana kusa da halayen Ingilishi da zane na ƙarshen 19th da farkon 20th.

Dilius yana ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙan Ingilishi na farko da suka koma ga kafofin ƙasa. Yawancin ayyukan Dilius suna cike da hotuna na yanayin Ingilishi, wanda kuma ya nuna ainihin asalin rayuwar Ingilishi. Zanen sautin sautinsa na shimfidar wuri yana cike da dumi, rairayi mai rairayi - irin waɗannan su ne guda don ƙananan ƙungiyar makaɗa: "Sauraron kuckoo na farko a cikin bazara" ("Lokacin jin cuckoo na farko a cikin bazara", 1912), "Daren bazara a kan kogi" ("Daren rani akan kogin", 1912), "Waƙar waƙa kafin fitowar rana" ("Waƙar kafin fitowar rana", 1918).

Ganewa ya zo ga Dilius godiya ga ayyukan mai gudanarwa T. Beecham, wanda ya inganta ayyukansa kuma ya shirya bikin sadaukar da aikinsa (1929). Ayyukan Dilius kuma sun haɗa cikin shirye-shiryensa na GJ Wood.

Aikin farko da Dilius ya buga shine The Legend (Legende, don violin da orchestra, 1892). Shahararriyar wasan operas ɗinsa ita ce Rural Romeo da Julia (Romeo und Julia auf dem Dorfe, op. 1901), ba a cikin bugu na 1 a cikin Jamusanci (1907, Komische Oper, Berlin), ko kuma a cikin Turanci (“Kauye Romeo). da Juliet", "Covent Garden", London, 1910) ba su yi nasara ba; kawai a cikin sabon samarwa a cikin 1920 (ibid.) Jama'ar Ingila sun karɓe shi da kyau.

Halaye don ƙarin aikin Dilius shine waƙar waƙarsa ta fari-fastoci ta farko "Over the tudu da nisa" ("A kan tuddai da nisa", 1895, Mutanen Espanya 1897), dangane da abubuwan tunawa da filayen moor na Yorkshire - da mahaifar Dilius; Kusa da ita a cikin shirin tunani da launuka shine "Sea Drift" ("Sea-Drift") na W. Whitman, wanda waƙarsa Dilius ta ji sosai kuma ta ƙunshi cikin "Waƙoƙin bankwana" ("Waƙoƙin bankwana", na ƙungiyar mawaƙa da ƙungiyar mawaƙa. , 1930-1932).

Mawaƙin mara lafiya ne ya rubuta ayyukan waƙar Delius daga baya ga sakatarensa E. Fenby, marubucin littafin Delius kamar yadda na san shi (1936). Ayyukan Dilius na baya-bayan nan sune Song of Summer, Fantastic Dance da Irmelin prelude for orchestra, Sonata No. 3 don violin.

Abubuwan da aka tsara: operas (6), gami da Irmelin (1892, Oxford, 1953), Koanga (1904, Elberfeld), Fenimore da Gerda (1919, Frankfurt); za orc. - fantasy A cikin lambun bazara (A cikin lambun bazara, 1908), Waƙar rai da ƙauna (Waƙar rai da ƙauna, 1919), iska da rawa (Air da rawa, 1925), Waƙar bazara (Waƙar rani , 1930) , suites, rhapsodies, wasanni; don kayan aiki tare da orc. - 4 concertos (na fp., 1906; don skr., 1916; biyu - don skr. da vlch., 1916; don vlch., 1925), caprice da elegy don vlch. (1925); chamber-instr. ensembles - kirtani. quartet (1917), don Skr. kuma fp. – 3 sonata (1915, 1924, 1930), soyayya (1896); za fp. - Wasanni 5 (1921), 3 preludes (1923); don mawaƙa tare da Orc. - Mass of Life (Eine Messe des Lebens, dangane da "Haka Mai Magana Zarathustra" ta F. Nietzsche, 1905), Waƙoƙin Faɗuwar rana (Waƙoƙin faɗuwar rana, 1907), Arabesque (Arabesk, 1911), Waƙar Dutsen Dutse (Waƙar High Hills, 1912), Requiem (1916), Waƙoƙin ban kwana (bayan Whitman, 1932); don mawaƙin cappella – Waƙar Wanderer (ba tare da kalmomi ba, 1908), Ƙauna ta sauko (Ƙamar ta faɗi, bayan A. Tennyson, 1924); don murya tare da orc. - Sakuntala (zuwa kalmomin X. Drahman, 1889), Idyll (Idill, bisa ga W. Whitman, 1930), da dai sauransu; kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo. gidan wasan kwaikwayo, gami da wasan kwaikwayon "Ghassan, ko Zinariya zuwa Samarkand" Dsh. Flecker (1920, post. 1923, London) da sauran su. wasu