Daniil Ilyich Pokhitonov |

Daniil Pokhitonov

Mawaƙin Jama'a na RSFSR (1957). Tarihin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mariinsky (Kirov Opera da Ballet Theater) ba ya bambanta da sunan Pokhitonov. Fiye da rabin karni ya yi aiki a cikin wannan shimfiɗar jariri na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa na Rasha, kasancewa cikakken abokin tarayya na mafi yawan mawaƙa. Pokhitonov ya zo nan bayan kammala karatunsa daga St. Petersburg Conservatory (1905), inda malamansa suka kasance A. Lyadov, N. Rimsky-Korsakov, A. Glazunov. Farkon ya kasance mai ladabi - ya sami kyakkyawar makaranta a gidan wasan kwaikwayo, yana aiki da farko a matsayin mai wasan pianist, sannan kuma a matsayin mawaƙa.

Halin da aka saba ya kawo shi ga kwamitin kula da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mariinsky: F. Blumenfeld ya kamu da rashin lafiya, ya zama dole don aiwatar da wasan kwaikwayo maimakon shi. Wannan ya faru a 1909 - Rimsky-Korsakov's Snow Maiden ya zama halarta a karon. Napravnik kansa albarka Pokhitonov a matsayin shugaba. Kowace shekara labarin mai zane ya haɗa da sababbin ayyuka. Babban rabon wasan opera na Rasha ne ya buga: Sarauniyar Spades, Dubrovsky, Eugene Onegin, Tale of Tsar Saltan.

An taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin haɓakar haɓakar mawaƙa ta hanyar yawon shakatawa a Moscow, inda a cikin 1912 ya gudanar da Khovanshchina tare da halartar Chaliapin. Mawaƙin mawaƙin ya gamsu da aikin jagoran kuma daga baya ya raira waƙa tare da jin daɗin abubuwan da Pokhitonov ya jagoranta. Jerin wasan kwaikwayo na "Chaliapin" na Pokhitonov yana da yawa: "Boris Godunov", "Pskovite", "Mermaid", "Judith", "Ƙarfin abokan gaba", "Mozart da Salieri", "Barber na Seville". Bari mu kuma ƙara da cewa Pyukhitonov dauki bangare a yawon shakatawa na Rasha opera a Paris da kuma London (1913) a matsayin choirmaster. Chaliapin ya rera a nan a cikin "Boris Godunov", "Khovanshchina" da "Pskovityanka". Pokhitonov shi ne babban abokin tarayya na mawaƙa lokacin da kamfanin Pisishchiy Amur ya yi rikodin Chaliapin da yawa.

Yawancin mawaƙa, daga cikinsu L. Sobinov, I. Ershov, I. Alchevsky, sun kasance koyaushe suna sauraron shawarar ƙwararrun rakiya da jagora. Kuma wannan shi ne m: Pokhitonov da dabara ya fahimci peculiarities na vocal art. Ya bi duk nufin mawallafin soloist a hankali, yana ba shi 'yancin yin aiki mai mahimmanci. Kamar yadda masu zamani suka lura, ya "san yadda za a mutu a matsayin mawaƙa" saboda nasarar nasarar wasan kwaikwayon gaba ɗaya. Wataƙila ra'ayoyinsa na fassarar ba su da asali ko iyaka, amma duk wasan kwaikwayon an gudanar da su a babban matakin fasaha kuma an bambanta su da ainihin dandano. V. Bogdanov-Berezovsky ya rubuta cewa: "Masanin fasaharsa, ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ne, "Pokhitonov ba shi da matsala dangane da daidaiton sake buga maki. Amma riko da hadisai yana da hali na mika wuya ga ikon wani ba tare da wani sharadi ba.

Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kirov yana da nasarori da yawa ga Pokhitonov. Baya ga wasan operas na Rasha, ya jagoranci, ba shakka, wasan kwaikwayo na repertoire na waje. Tuni a zamanin Soviet Pokhitonov kuma ya yi aiki sosai a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Maly Opera (1918-1932), ya yi tare da kide-kide na kade-kade, kuma ya koyar a Conservatory na Leningrad.

Lit .: Pokhitonov DI "Daga Tsohon Opera na Rasha". L., 1949.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek