Cornet - gwarzo wanda ba a manta da shi ba na ƙungiyar tagulla

Cornet (cornet-a-piston) kayan aikin tagulla ne. Yana da ban sha'awa sosai kuma ɓangarorin tagulla na haskakawa da kyau akan bangon sauran kayan kida a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa. A kwanakin nan, daukakarsa, abin takaici, ya zama tarihi.

Ƙashin ƙaho ne kai tsaye zuriyar ƙahon post. Abin sha'awa shine, ƙahon an yi shi da itace, amma koyaushe ana rarraba shi azaman kayan aikin tagulla. Kahon yana da tarihi mai tarin yawa; Firistoci na Yahudawa suka busa ta don kada ganuwar Jericho ta rushe; a tsakiyar zamanai, maƙiyi suna yin ƙwazon su don ƙarar ƙaho.

Ya kamata a bambanta tsakanin kayan aikin cornet-a-piston na zamani, wanda aka yi da tagulla, da wanda ya gabace shi, katako na katako (zinc). Zink shine sunan Jamus don cornet. Yanzu mutane kalilan ne suka sani, amma daga karni na sha biyar zuwa tsakiyar karni na sha bakwai, cornnet ya kasance kayan kade-kade da ya zama ruwan dare a Turai. Amma ba tare da cornet ba shi yiwuwa a yi babban Layer na ayyukan kiɗa na karni na sha bakwai da goma sha takwas. Bukukuwan birni a lokacin Renaissance sun kasance ba za a iya tunanin ba tare da cornets ba. Kuma a ƙarshen karni na sha shida, cornet (zinc) a Italiya ya zama babban kayan kiɗa na solo.

Sunayen mashahuran zinc guda biyu masu wasa virtuosos na wancan lokacin, Giovanni Bossano da Claudio Monteverdi, sun zo mana. Yaɗuwar violin da karuwar shaharar wasan violin a ƙarni na goma sha bakwai ya sa cornnet ɗin ya rasa matsayinsa na kayan aikin solo a hankali. Matsayinsa mafi girma ya dade a arewacin Turai, inda waƙoƙinsa na ƙarshe na solo ya kasance tun daga rabin na biyu na karni na sha takwas. A farkon karni na sha tara, cornet (zinc) ya rasa mahimmancinsa. A zamanin yau ana amfani da shi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na tsohuwar kiɗan jama'a.

Cornet-a-piston ya bayyana a Paris a cikin 1830. Sigismund Stölzel ana ɗaukar mahaifinsa-mai ƙirƙira. Wannan sabon kayan aikin an sanye shi da bawuloli biyu. A cikin 1869, an fara horar da jama'a game da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, kuma an fara darussan a Conservatory na Paris. A asali shi ne farfesa na farko, sanannen mashahuran kalandar, mai kyawun fasaharsa, Jean Baptiste Arban. A karshen karni na sha tara, cornet-a-piston ya kasance a kololuwar shahararsa, kuma a kan wannan kalaman ya bayyana a cikin Daular Rasha.

Nikolai Pavlovich shine Tsar na farko na Rasha don kunna nau'ikan kayan aikin iska. Ya mallaki sarewa, ƙaho, masara da cornet-a-piston, amma Nicholas I da kansa cikin zolaya ya kira duk kayan aikin sa “ƙaho.” Masu zamani sun yi ta ambata fitattun iyawar kiɗansa. Har ma ya yi 'yan kadan, galibin tattakin soja. Nikolai Pavlovich ya nuna nasarorin da ya samu a wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa a ɗakin kide-kide, kamar yadda aka saba a lokacin. An gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Fadar Winter, kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, babu karin mutane a gare su.

Sarkin ba shi da lokaci ko karfin jiki da zai rika ba da lokaci akai-akai ga darussan waka, don haka ya wajabta wa AF Lvov, marubucin wakar “God Save the Tsar,” da ya zo a jajibirin wasan kwaikwayon don sake yin nazari. Musamman ga Tsar Nikolai Pavlovich AF Lvov ya hada wasan akan cornet-a-piston. A cikin fiction, akwai kuma sau da yawa ambaton cornet-a-piston: A. Tolstoy "Gloomy Morning", A. Chekhov "Sakhalin Island", M. Gorky "Spectators".

Все дело было в его превосходстве над другими медными в исполнении музыки, требующей большей. Корнет обладает большой технической подвижностью и ярким, выразительным звучанием. Такому инструменту в первую очередь дают «нарисовать» перед. сольные партии.

Ƙaho ya kasance babban baƙo mai daraja a fadar sarakuna da yaƙi. Gilashin ya samo asalinsa zuwa ƙahonin mafarauta da ma'aikatan gidan waya, waɗanda suka ba da sigina. Akwai ra'ayi a tsakanin masana da ƙwararru cewa ƙwanƙwasa ba ƙaho ba ne mai sauti mai kyau, amma ƙarami, ƙaho mai laushi.

Akwai ƙarin kayan aikin da zan so in yi magana akai - wannan shine echo - cornet. Ya samu karbuwa a Ingila a lokacin mulkin Sarauniya Victoria, da kuma a Amurka. Siffar sa mai ban mamaki ita ce kasancewar ba ɗaya ba, amma ƙararrawa biyu. Ma'aikacin cornetist, yana canzawa zuwa wani ƙaho yayin wasa, ya haifar da ruɗewar sautin murya. Bawul na biyu ya taimaka masa da wannan. Wannan zaɓin yana da amfani don ƙirƙirar tasirin echo. Kayan aiki ya sami shahara sosai; an halicci ayyuka don echo cornet, wanda ya bayyana duk kyawun sautinsa. Wannan tsohuwar kiɗan har yanzu ana yin ta ta hanyar ƙwararrun masana a ƙasashen waje akan irin wannan kayan aikin da ba kasafai ba (misali, "Alpine Echo"). An kera waɗannan ƙwanƙolin sautin ƙararrawa a cikin ƙima, babban mai samarwa shine Booseys & Hawkes. Yanzu akwai irin wannan kayan aikin da aka yi a Indiya, amma ba a yi su da kyau ba, don haka lokacin zabar echo cornet, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ’yan wasa a yanzu sun fi son kwafi.

Cornet yayi kama da ƙaho, amma bututunsa ya fi guntu kuma ya fi faɗi kuma yana da pistons maimakon bawuloli. Jikin cornet bututu ne mai siffar mazugi mai faffadan hutu. A gindin bututun akwai wani bakin da ke samar da sauti. A cikin cornet-a-piston, tsarin fistan ya ƙunshi maɓalli. Maɓallan suna tsayi ɗaya da na bakin, a saman tsarin. Wannan kayan kiɗan yana kama da ƙaho, amma akwai bambance-bambance.

Amfanin da babu shakka na cornet-a-piston shine girmansa - dan kadan fiye da rabin mita. Tsawon tsayinsa ya dace sosai don amfani.

A cikin rarrabuwar da aka yarda gabaɗaya, an rarraba cornet-a-piston azaman wayar iska, wanda ke nufin cewa sautin da ke cikinsa ana yin su ta hanyar girgizar iska. Mawaƙin yana busa iska, kuma, yana tarawa a tsakiyar jiki, yana fara motsin oscillatory. Wannan shi ne inda sauti na musamman na cornet ya samo asali. A lokaci guda, tonal kewayon wannan ƙaramin kayan aikin iska yana da faɗi da wadata. Zai iya yin wasa har zuwa octaves uku, wanda ke ba shi damar yin wasa ba kawai shirye-shirye na yau da kullun waɗanda ke da al'ada ba, har ma da wadatar karin waƙa ta hanyar haɓakawa. Cornet kayan aiki ne na tsakiyar sautin. Ƙarar ƙaho ya kasance yana da nauyi da rashin sassauƙa, amma ganga na cornet ɗin ya fi jujjuyawa kuma yana ƙara laushi.

Ana jin velvety timbre na cornet-a-piston kawai a cikin octave na farko; a cikin ƙananan rajista ya zama mai raɗaɗi da ɓarna. Matsar zuwa octave na biyu, sautin yana canzawa zuwa kaifi, mafi girman kai da sono. Hector Berlioz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky da Georges Bizet sun yi amfani da waɗannan sautunan da suka ji daɗi sosai a cikin ayyukansu.

Masu wasan kwaikwayo na jazz ma suna son cornet-a-piston, kuma babu wata ƙungiya ta jazz da za ta iya yin ba tare da shi ba. Shahararrun masoyan jazz na cornet sun hada da Louis Daniel Armstrong da Joseph “King” Oliver.

В прошлом веке были улучшены конструкции труб овало проблему отсутствия скорости и некрасочного звучания. Посle эtoho kornet-a-pystonы sovsem иschezli из ORkestrov. В наши дни оркестровые партии написанные suna.