Charles Munch |

Charles Munch

Sai kawai a lokacin balaga, lokacin da yake kimanin shekaru arba'in, Charles Munsch ya zama madugu. Amma gaskiyar cewa 'yan shekaru ne kawai ke raba wasan farko na mai zane daga babban shahararsa ba haɗari ba ne. Rayuwarsa ta baya tun daga farko tana cike da kiɗa kuma ta zama, kamar dai, ginshiƙi na aikin madugu.

Munsch an haife shi a Strasbourg, ɗan ƙungiyar cocin. Duk ’yan uwansa hudu da ’yan’uwansa mata biyu, kamar shi, mawaka ne. Hakika, a wani lokaci an haifi Charles don yin nazarin likitanci, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya yanke shawarar zama ɗan wasan violin. Komawa cikin 1912, ya ba da kide-kide na farko a Strasbourg, kuma bayan kammala karatunsa daga gymnasium, ya tafi Paris don yin karatu tare da sanannen Lucien Capet. A lokacin yakin, Munsch ya yi aikin soja kuma an yanke shi daga fasaha na dogon lokaci. Bayan da aka yi watsi da shi, a cikin 1920 ya fara aiki a matsayin mai rakiya na kungiyar kade-kade ta Strasbourg kuma yana koyarwa a gidan kade-kade na gida. Daga baya, mai zane ya gudanar da irin wannan matsayi a cikin mawaƙa na Prague da Leipzig. A nan ya yi wasa tare da masu gudanarwa irin su V. Furtwangler, B. Walter, kuma a karon farko ya tsaya a tashar madubin.

A farkon 1937s, Munsch ya koma Faransa kuma nan da nan ya fito a matsayin jagora mai hazaka. Ya yi wasa tare da kungiyar kade-kade ta Paris Symphony, ya gudanar da wasannin kade-kade na Lamoureux, ya kuma zagaya kasar da kasashen waje. A cikin 1945-XNUMX, Munsch ya gudanar da kide kide da wake-wake tare da makada na Conservatory na Paris, wanda ya rage a cikin wannan matsayi a lokacin aikin. A cikin shekaru masu wahala, ya ki ba da hadin kai tare da maharan kuma ya taimaka wa gwagwarmayar gwagwarmaya.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan yakin, Munsch sau biyu - na farko da kansa sannan kuma tare da ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta rediyo na Faransa - ya yi a Amurka. A lokaci guda kuma, an gayyace shi don karbar mukamin daga Sergei Koussevitzky mai ritaya a matsayin darektan kungiyar kade-kade ta Boston. Don haka "ba zato ba tsammani" Munsch ya kasance shugaban ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ƙungiyar makaɗa a duniya.

A cikin shekarun da ya yi tare da kungiyar Orchestra ta Boston (1949-1962), Munsch ya tabbatar da cewa ya kasance ƙwararren mawaƙi ne, ƙwararren mawaƙi mai girma. Baya ga wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya, ya wadatar da shirye-shiryen tawagarsa tare da ayyukan kiɗa na zamani, ya yi manyan ayyukan waƙoƙin Bach, Berlioz, Schubert, Honegger, Debussy. Sau biyu Munsch da makadansa sun yi manyan yawon bude ido a Turai. A lokacin na biyu daga cikinsu tawagar ba da dama kide kide a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, inda daga baya Munsch sake yi tare da Soviet Orchestras. Masu suka sun yaba da fasaharsa. E. Ratser ya rubuta a cikin mujallar Soviet Music cewa: “Mafi girman ra’ayi a wasannin kide-kide na Munsch ya rage, wataƙila, daga tasirin halayen ɗan wasan da kansa. Gabaɗayan kamanninsa yana numfasawa kwanciyar hankali kuma a lokaci guda kyautatawar uba. A kan mataki, yana haifar da yanayi na 'yanci. Nuna ƙarfin nufin, buƙata, ba ya tilasta sha'awarsa. Ƙarfinsa ya ta'allaka ne a cikin sabis na rashin son kai ga fasahar ƙaunataccensa: lokacin da yake gudanarwa, Munsch ya sadaukar da kansa gaba ɗaya ga kiɗa. Mawaƙa, masu sauraro, yana burge da farko saboda shi kansa yana da sha'awa. Madalla da sha'awa, farin ciki. A cikinsa, kamar yadda a cikin Arthur Rubinstein (sun kasance kusan shekaru ɗaya), ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙuruciya na rai ya buge. Ainihin zafi motsin rai, zurfin hankali, hikimar rayuwa mai girma da kuma matashi, halayyar kyawawan dabi'un fasaha na Munsch, ya bayyana a gabanmu a cikin kowane aiki a cikin sababbin inuwa da haɗuwa. Kuma, hakika, a duk lokacin da ake ganin cewa madugu yana da ainihin ingancin da ya fi dacewa lokacin yin wannan aikin. Duk waɗannan fasalulluka an fi bayyana su a cikin fassarar Munsch na kiɗan Faransanci, wanda shine mafi ƙarfi gefen kewayon ƙirarsa. Ayyukan Rameau, Berlioz, Debussy, Ravel, Roussel da sauran mawaƙa na lokuta daban-daban sun samo a cikinsa wani mai fassara da hankali, wanda zai iya isar wa mai sauraro duk kyawawan kyawawan kide-kide na mutanensa. Mai zanen bai yi nasara ba a cikin kade-kade na gargajiya.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Charles Munch, barin Boston, ya koma Turai. Yana zaune a Faransa, ya ci gaba da yin kide-kide da ayyukan koyarwa, yana jin daɗin karɓuwa sosai. Mai zane yana da littafin tarihin kansa "Ni jagora ne", wanda aka buga a cikin 1960 a cikin fassarar Rashanci.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek